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− | == Mounting == | + | ==Mounting== |
| + | |
| + | [[Image:Reproductive Behaviour mounting.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Mounting Behaviour</p><sup> Copyright Nottingham University 2008.</sup>]] |
| | | |
| * Elevation of the front legs of the male to straddle the posterior region of the female. | | * Elevation of the front legs of the male to straddle the posterior region of the female. |
| * Learned behaviour | | * Learned behaviour |
| | | |
− | ----
| |
| | | |
− | == Intromission == | + | == Intromission== |
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− | * Successful entrance of the penis into the vagina. | + | * Successful entrance of the penis into the [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vagina]]. |
| | | |
| ---- | | ---- |
| | | |
| == Ejaculation == | | == Ejaculation == |
| + | |
| + | [[Image:Site of Sperm Deposition.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Summary Table showing Ejaculate Characteristics of Various Species</p><sup> Copyright Nottingham University 2008.</sup>]] |
| | | |
| * The reflex expulsion of spermatozoa and seminal plasma from the male reproductive tract. | | * The reflex expulsion of spermatozoa and seminal plasma from the male reproductive tract. |
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| * Once intromission has been achieved, reflex impulses are initiated. | | * Once intromission has been achieved, reflex impulses are initiated. |
| ** Neural impulses derived mainly from sensory nerves in the '''glans penis'''. | | ** Neural impulses derived mainly from sensory nerves in the '''glans penis'''. |
− | * Upon threshold stimulation, impulses are transmitted from the glans peinis by the '''internal pudendal nerve''' to the lumbosacral region of the spinal cord. | + | * Upon threshold stimulation, impulses are transmitted from the glans penis by the '''internal pudendal nerve''' to the lumbosacral region of the spinal cord. |
| * Sensory impulses result in firing of nerves in the '''spinal cord'''. | | * Sensory impulses result in firing of nerves in the '''spinal cord'''. |
| * Forcing of semen into the '''urethra''' by nerves in the '''hypogastric plexus''' innervating target muscles. | | * Forcing of semen into the '''urethra''' by nerves in the '''hypogastric plexus''' innervating target muscles. |
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| ** '''Bulbospongiosus''' muscle | | ** '''Bulbospongiosus''' muscle |
| * '''Emission''' and ejaculation | | * '''Emission''' and ejaculation |
− | ** Emission is the movement of seminal fluids from the [[Reproductive_Tract_-Accessory_Sex_Glands_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|accessory sex glands]] into the pelvic urethra so that they can mix with spermatozoa. | + | ** Emission is the movement of seminal fluids from the [[Accessory_Sex_Glands_- Anatomy & Physiology|accessory sex glands]] into the pelvic urethra so that they can mix with spermatozoa. |
| ** Emission occurs before and during ejaculation. | | ** Emission occurs before and during ejaculation. |
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| ---- | | ---- |
| | | |
− | == ::[[Reproductive Behaviour - Copulatory Behaviour Dog - Anatomy & Physiology|Dog]] == | + | ==Species Differences== |
| + | |
| + | {| style="width:75%; height:200px" border="1" |
| + | |
| + | !'''Species''' |
| + | !'''Ram''' |
| + | !'''Bull''' |
| + | !'''Stallion''' |
| + | !'''Boar''' |
| + | |- |
| + | | '''Duration of Copulation''' |
| + | | 1-2 seconds (1 Pelvic Thrust with Foreleg Clasp) |
| + | | 1-3 seconds (1 Pelvic Thrust with Foreleg Clasp) |
| + | | 20-60 seconds (Multiple Pelvic Thrusts,Flagging,Followed by Innactive Phase) |
| + | | 5-20 minutes (Rapid Pelvic Thrusting to Engage Penis in Cervix) When Penis is Engaged,Thrusting Stops and Ejaculation Commences |
| + | |- |
| + | | '''Volume of Ejaculate (ml)''' |
| + | | 0.8-1.0 |
| + | | 3-5 |
| + | | 75-120 |
| + | | 200-250 |
| + | |- |
| + | | '''Site of Semen Deposition''' |
| + | | External Cervical Os |
| + | | Fornix Vagina |
| + | | External Cervical Os, but Semen Enters Uterus at High Pressure |
| + | | Cervix and Uterus |
| + | |- |
| + | | '''Average Numbers of Ejaculations to Satiation''' |
| + | | 10 |
| + | | 20 |
| + | | 3 |
| + | | 3 |
| + | |- |
| + | | Maximum Number of Ejaculations to Exhaustion (Refractory Period) |
| + | | 30-40 |
| + | | 60-80 |
| + | | 20 |
| + | | 8 |
| + | |- |
| + | |} |
| + | |
| + | === [[Dog Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|Dog]] === |
| | | |
| ---- | | ---- |
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− | == Cat == | + | === [[Cat Copulatory_Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|Cat]] === |
| + | |
| + | ---- |
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− | * Queen ''''calls''''
| + | === [[Gerbil Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|Gerbil]] === |
− | * Male identifies female
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− | * Queen crouches in '''lordosis'''
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− | * Tom bites scruff of queen
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− | * Tom mounts and thrusts to gain intromission
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− | * If queen is in oestrus she will submit to allow full intromission.
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− | * Tom ejaculates
| |
− | * Female emits a yowl and rolls over, attempting to swipe the tom with her claws.
| |
− | * Tom retires to a safe distance
| |
| | | |
| + | ---- |
| | | |
| | | |
− | For a video demonstration of copulation in the cat, follow either of the following links:
| + | [[Category:Reproductive Behaviour]] |
− | * [http://www.vetmed.lsu.edu/eiltslotus/theriogenology-5361/filne_e.htm| Video of Copulation in the Cat]
| + | [[Category:Bullet Points]] |
− | * [http://www.animalmatingzone.com/main_frame_cat.htm| Video of Copulation in the Cat]
| |