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In addition to bodyweight, there are a number of other factors that influence the energy requirement of the animal. These include activity, life-stage, reproductive status, and environmental conditions. Activity level can contribute to more than 30% of the daily energy requirement in highly active working dogs, such as Border Collies <ref name="NRC" />. However, recent studies have shown that adult pet dogs are relatively ‘inactive’ receiving on average only 4 walks of 40 minutes duration per week <ref name=''Christian''>Christian, NE, et al. '''Dog ownership and physical activity: A review of the evidence.''' ''J. Phys Act Health 2013''; 10:750-759</ref>. The energy requirement of inactive dogs is lower than their active counterparts <ref name=Bermingham>Bermingham EN et al. '''Energy requirement of adult dogs.''' ''PLOSone 2014; 9:e109681.'' </ref> <ref name=Thes>Thes, M, et al. '''Metabolizable energy intake of client-owned adult dogs.''' ''[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/274171548 J. Anim. Phys. Anim. Nutr.]'' accessed May 2017 </ref> and this represents a more realistic starting point for most adult pet dogs and cats.
 
In addition to bodyweight, there are a number of other factors that influence the energy requirement of the animal. These include activity, life-stage, reproductive status, and environmental conditions. Activity level can contribute to more than 30% of the daily energy requirement in highly active working dogs, such as Border Collies <ref name="NRC" />. However, recent studies have shown that adult pet dogs are relatively ‘inactive’ receiving on average only 4 walks of 40 minutes duration per week <ref name=''Christian''>Christian, NE, et al. '''Dog ownership and physical activity: A review of the evidence.''' ''J. Phys Act Health 2013''; 10:750-759</ref>. The energy requirement of inactive dogs is lower than their active counterparts <ref name=Bermingham>Bermingham EN et al. '''Energy requirement of adult dogs.''' ''PLOSone 2014; 9:e109681.'' </ref> <ref name=Thes>Thes, M, et al. '''Metabolizable energy intake of client-owned adult dogs.''' ''[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/274171548 J. Anim. Phys. Anim. Nutr.]'' accessed May 2017 </ref> and this represents a more realistic starting point for most adult pet dogs and cats.
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Equations to calculate energy requirements can be complex and cumbersome to use (table 1). Using these equations, energy requirements have been calculated for adult dogs, adult cats, puppies and kittens <font color="red">(link to excel file)</font>
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Equations to calculate energy requirements can be complex and cumbersome to use (table 1). Using these equations, [[Calculated Energy Requirements|energy requirements have been calculated for adult dogs, adult cats, puppies and kittens]].
<font color = "red">references in table</font>
      
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