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Artificial Insemination - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 12:24, 16 July 2008
, 12:24, 16 July 2008→Seminal Extenders
* Extend the number of sperm in the original ejaculate.
* Extend the number of sperm in the original ejaculate.
* Extend the life of sperm.
* Extend the life of sperm.
* Must be isotonic
* Must be '''isotonic'''
* Must minimize cold damage.
* Must minimize cold damage.
** The cell membrane of spermatozoon is sensitive to sudden drops in temperature ''''cold shock''''.
** The cell membrane of spermatozoon is sensitive to sudden drops in temperature ''''cold shock''''.
** A low storage temperature reduces metabolism by about 50% for each 10◦C decline.
** A low storage temperature reduces metabolism by about 50% for each 10◦C decline.
*** Enables conservation of their fixed amount of metabolic energy.
*** Enables conservation of their fixed amount of metabolic energy.
* Must be a '''good buffer'''
** Typical buffers include Sodium Citrate and Sodium Phosphate.
* When the goal is to extend the semen for a sustained period of time (1 week-years) a '''cryoprotectant''' is required.
** Protects cells against the cold damage that would occur at 0-50◦C.
** Classified as cell-penetrating (glycerol, DMSO) and non-penetrating (milk protein, egg yolk lipoproteins).
*** Glycerol is the dominant cryoprotectant for frozen sperm.
*** Milk protein and egg yolk lipoproteins will also provide nutrients.
* Sperm have no anabolic capacity, so cannot synthesize materials for energy and repair.
* Vitality is totally dependent on the environment in which they are suspended.
* Nutrients need to be supplied to maintain metabolism.
* Major nutrients are fructose and glucose.
* Sperm can convert glucose to fructose and metabolize it to fuel motility.
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