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*Can cause septicaemia, encephalitis, abortion and endophthalmitis in ruminants
*Can cause septicaemia, encephalitis, abortion and endophthalmitis in ruminants
*Outbreaks of listeriosis often linked to silage feeding
*Outbreaks of listeriosis often linked to silage feeding
*Occurs in North and East Europe and North America
*Tumbling motility
*Tumbling motility
*Facultative anaerobes
*Facultative anaerobes
*Intracellular pathogens
*''L. monocytogenes is haemolytic on blood agar due to a cytolytic protein, listeriolysin; grows at range of pH values and temperatures
*''L. monocytogenes is haemolytic on blood agar due to a cytolytic protein, listeriolysin; grows at range of pH values and temperatures
*''L. ivanovii produces strong haemolytic zone
*''L. ivanovii produces strong haemolytic zone
*Listeria are motile in the cytoplasm
*Listeria are motile in the cytoplasm
*Bacteria induce formation of pseudopod projections in the cytoplasmic membrane, which are taken up with the bacteria into adjacent cells
*Bacteria induce formation of pseudopod projections in the cytoplasmic membrane, which are taken up with the bacteria into adjacent cells
*Cell-mediated immune response required for protection
*Neural listeriosis:
*Neural listeriosis:
**Incubation period 14-40 days
**Incubation period 14-40 days
**Meningoencephalitis
**Dullness, circling, head tilt, facial paralysis, drool saliva, droop of eyelid and ear
**Dullness, circling, head tilt, facial paralysis, drool saliva, droop of eyelid and ear
**Exposure keratitis
**Exposure keratitis
**Fever during early stages
**Fever during early stages
**Recumbency and death within a few days in sheep and goats
**Recumbency and death within a few days in sheep and goats
**Abortion up to 12 days after infection in cattle
**Abortion up to 12 days after infection in cattle; usually recover but may get septicaemia
*Septicaemic listeriosis:
*Septicaemic listeriosis:
**Incubation perios 2-3 days
**Incubation perios 2-3 days
**Occurs in newborn piglets, foals, poultry, adult sheep
**Occurs in newborn piglets, foals, poultry, adult sheep
*Keratoconjunctivitis in cattle and sheep - direct contact with silage via eye
*Keratoconjunctivitis in cattle and sheep - direct contact with silage via eye
*Pneumonia, myocarditis, enodcarditis
*Zoonosis - consumption of contaminated unpasteurised milk; memingitis and meningoencephalitis; abortion
*''L. ivanovii causes sporadic abortion in sheep and cattle
*''L. ivanovii causes sporadic abortion in sheep and cattle