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Oestrus Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 12:29, 21 July 2008
, 12:29, 21 July 2008no edit summary
= Introduction =
Oestrus is the period of sexual receptivity in a female, commonly referred to as 'heat'.
Oestrus is the period of sexual receptivity in a female, commonly referred to as 'heat'.
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= Cow =
== Oestrus Detection ==
* Oestrus detection is critical, as the absence of detection is the most important reason for delayed breeding.
* Oestrus detection is critical, as the absence of detection is the most important reason for delayed breeding.
== Signs of Oestrus ==
* Standing to be mounted is the only truly reliable indication of oestrus.
* Standing to be mounted is the only truly reliable indication of oestrus.
== Clinical Methods and Assessments for Oestrus Detection ==
* Low plasma or milk progesterone.
* Low plasma or milk progesterone.
* Reduction in [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|vaginal]] pH.
* Reduction in [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|vaginal]] pH.
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= Ewe =
== Ewe ==
== Oestrus Detection ==
* Oestrus detection is only important when Artificial Insemination regimes are practiced and often these are now done following hormonal stimulation rather than waiting for a spontaneous cycle.
* Oestrus detection is only important when Artificial Insemination regimes are practiced and often these are now done following hormonal stimulation rather than waiting for a spontaneous cycle.
== Signs of Oestrus ==
* Restless
* Restless
== Clinical Methods and Assessments for Oestrus Detection ==
* Low plasma progesterone
* Low plasma progesterone
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== Sow ==
= Sow =
== Oestrus Detection ==
* Oestrus detection is a crucial assessment to ensure sows are presented to the boar at the correct time.
* Oestrus detection is a crucial assessment to ensure sows are presented to the boar at the correct time.
== Signs of Oestrus ==
* Stands for a boar producing lots of [[Reproductive_Behaviour_-_Attractivity_Behaviour_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Pheramones|pheramones]] in [[Oral_Cavity_-_Salivary_Glands_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Saliva|saliva]].
* Stands for a boar producing lots of [[Reproductive_Behaviour_-_Attractivity_Behaviour_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Pheramones|pheramones]] in [[Oral_Cavity_-_Salivary_Glands_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Saliva|saliva]].
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= Mare =
* Oestrous detection is a problem because mares not in oestrus can cause significant damage to a stallion.
* Oestrous detection is a problem because mares not in oestrus can cause significant damage to a stallion.
* May be a slight [[General_Pathology_-_Oedema|oedema]] of the vulva and a mucoid discharge.
* May be a slight [[General_Pathology_-_Oedema|oedema]] of the vulva and a mucoid discharge.
== Clinical Methods and Assessments for Oestrus Detection ==
* Detection of a [[The_Ovary_-_Follicles_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|'''follicle''']] and absence of a [[The_Ovary_-Corpus_Luteum_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|'''corpus luteum''']] by palpation or ultrasound examination of [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Ovary_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|ovaries]].
* Detection of a [[The_Ovary_-_Follicles_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|'''follicle''']] and absence of a [[The_Ovary_-Corpus_Luteum_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|'''corpus luteum''']] by palpation or ultrasound examination of [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Ovary_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|ovaries]].
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= Bitch =
* Long period of '''proestrus''' where the bitch is [[Reproductive_Behaviour_-_Attractivity_Behaviour_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|attractive]], but will not allow mating.
* Long period of '''proestrus''' where the bitch is [[Reproductive_Behaviour_-_Attractivity_Behaviour_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|attractive]], but will not allow mating.
== Clinical Methods and Assessments for Oestrus Detection ==
* Assessment of vulval softening
* Assessment of vulval softening
* Examination of the appearance of the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|vaginal]] wall.
* Examination of the appearance of the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|vaginal]] wall.
* Measurement of plasma progesterone concentration (detecting a rise in progesterone that preceeds [[The_Ovary_-_Ovulation_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|'''ovulation''']] in this species).
* Measurement of plasma progesterone concentration (detecting a rise in progesterone that preceeds [[The_Ovary_-_Ovulation_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|'''ovulation''']] in this species).
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= Queen =
* Oestrus detection is important, for although the queen is an '''induced ovulator''' (thus [[The_Ovary_-_Ovulation_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|'''ovulation''']] will not be missed), the LH response to mating decreases with each day of oestrus and [[The_Ovary_-_Follicles_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|'''follicles''']] ultimately regress.
* Oestrus detection is important, for although the queen is an '''induced ovulator''' (thus [[The_Ovary_-_Ovulation_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|'''ovulation''']] will not be missed), the LH response to mating decreases with each day of oestrus and [[The_Ovary_-_Follicles_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|'''follicles''']] ultimately regress.
* '''Proestrus''' is short and often unnoticed.
* '''Proestrus''' is short and often unnoticed.