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Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 09:40, 29 July 2008
, 09:40, 29 July 2008no edit summary
*Trachea caudally
*Trachea caudally
*Bilaterally symmetrical
*Tube-shaped
*Musculocartilagenous organ
*Suspended from the [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology|hyoid apparatus]]
*Suspended from the [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology|hyoid apparatus]]
*Moves position when the animal [[Deglutition|swallows]] due to its attachments to the [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] and the [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology|hyoid apparatus]]
*Moves position when the animal [[Deglutition|swallows]] due to its attachments to the [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] and the basihyoid bone of the [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology|hyoid apparatus]] by the thyrohyoid membrane
*Synovial joints
*Synovial joints
**Between the thyrohyoid bone and the dorsorostral aspect of the thyroid cartilage
**Between the thyrohyoid bone and the dorsorostral aspect of the thyroid cartilage
**Dorsal joint of throid cartilage
**Dorsal joint of throid cartilage
**Lateral aspect of cricoid cartilage and dorsocaudal aspect of throid cartilage
**Lateral aspect of cricoid cartilage and dorsocaudal aspect of thyroid cartilage
**Between cricoid and arytenoid cartilage allowing abduction and adduction of the arytenoid cartilages
*Movement of the cricoid-arytenoid joint controls the size of the glottic opening, lumen and larynx
*Movement of the cricoid-arytenoid joint controls the size of the glottic opening, lumen and larynx
*Membranes and elastic ligaments attach the laryngeal cartilages
*Membranes and elastic ligaments attach the laryngeal cartilages
**[[Epiglottis]] to throid and cricoid cartilage
**[[Epiglottis]] to throid and cricoid cartilage
**First tracheal ring with cricoid cartilage
**First tracheal ring with cricoid cartilage by the cricotracheal ligament
*Extrinsic musculature connects the larynx to the sternum, [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]], [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology|hyoid apparatus]]
*Extrinsic musculature connects the larynx to the sternum, [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]], [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology|hyoid apparatus]]
===Vocal Folds===
===Vocal Folds===
*Made of (slightly stiffer) elastic ligaments
*Rostral part of laryngeal floor to arytenoid cartilages
*Pass between the arytenoid cartilages and the laryngeal floor
*Run caudodorsally
*Run caudodorsally
===Vestibular folds===
===Vestibular folds===
*Made of (slightly stiffer) elastic ligaments
*Vestibular ligaments rostral to vocal ligament
*Rostral part of laryngeal floor to arytenoid cartilages
*Rostral part of laryngeal floor to arytenoid cartilages
==Function==
==Function==
*[[Deglutition|Swallowing]]
*Protects the trachea in [[Deglutition|Swallowing]], preventing aspiration of foreign material
*Communication
*Communication
*Passage of air to the lungs
*Passage of air to the lungs
*Increases intra-abdominal pressure
==Vasculature==
==Vasculature==
*Branches of the vagus nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN X]])
*Branches of the vagus nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN X]])
**Cranial larygeal nerve
**Cranial larygeal nerve
***Internal branch innervates mucosa
***External branch innervates cricothyroid muscle and constrictors of [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]]
**Caudal (recurrent) laryngeal nerve
**Caudal (recurrent) laryngeal nerve
***Innervates intrinsic muscles of larynx (except cricothyroid muscle)
==Lymphatics==
==Lymphatics==
===Equine===
===Equine===
*Fusion of the two plates of the thyroid cartilage is least extensive forming a rostral pointing notch which is a good site for surgical entry into the larynx
*Fusion of the two plates of the thyroid cartilage is incomplete forming a rostral pointing notch which is a good site for surgical entry into the larynx
*Thyroarytenoid muscle is divided into 2 parts- rostral and caudal vocalis which are situated within the vocal folds and vestibular folds
*Thyroarytenoid muscle is divided into 2 parts- rostral and caudal vocalis which are situated within the vocal folds and vestibular folds
*Cuneiform processes attached to [[Epiglottis|epiglottis]]
*Prominance (surgical landmark) rostral to opening in thyroid cartilage
===Canine===
===Canine===
*Thyroarytenoid muscle is divided into 2 parts- rostral and caudal vocalis which are situated within the vocal folds and vestibular folds
*Thyroarytenoid muscle is divided into 2 parts- rostral and caudal vocalis which are situated within the vocal folds and vestibular folds
*Laryngeal ventricles present
===Feline===
*Thick vocal folds
*Purring due to vibration of vocal folds by rapid twitching of laryngeal muscles
*Very sensitive mucosa making intubation tricky
===Porcine===
*Small laryngeal ventricle present
*Double corniculate process in arytenoid cartilages
*Stimulation of laryngeal mucosa can results in violent laryngeal spasm
==Links==
==Links==