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Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 17:18, 29 July 2008
, 17:18, 29 July 2008no edit summary
**The rostral compartment is the [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]]
**The rostral compartment is the [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]]
*The laryngeal pharynx is separated from the [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]] by the [[Epiglottis|epiglottis]]
*The [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Laryngeal Pharynx|laryngeal pharynx]] is separated from the [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]] by the [[Epiglottis|epiglottis]]
*Tonsils are present on the lateral walls of the [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]]
*Tonsils are present on the lateral walls of the [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]]
**Covered by flaps of mucosa
**Covered by flaps of mucosa
**Partially visible in the open mouth
**Partially visible in the open mouth
*The pharynx plays an important role in [[Deglutition|deglutition]]
==Musculature==
==Musculature==
===Constictors===
===Muscles that constict===
*Run dorsally to roof of pharynx
*Run dorsally to roof of pharynx
*Rostral constrictor muscles are the pterygopharyngeous and the palatopharyngeous muscles
*Rostral constrictor muscles are the '''hyopharyngeous''', '''pterygopharyngeous''' and the '''palatopharyngeous muscles'''
**Originate from the pyerygoid region of the skull and the aponeurosis of the [[Soft Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|soft palate]]
**Originate from the pyerygoid region of the skull and the aponeurosis of the [[Soft Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|soft palate]]
**Shorten the pharynx
**Shorten the pharynx
*Middle constictor muscle is the hyopharyngeous
*Middle constictor muscle is the '''thyopharyngeous muscle'''
**Origniates from the [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology|hyoid bone]]
**Origniates from the [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology|hyoid bone]]
*Caudal constictor muscles are the thyropharyngeous and the cricopharyngeous muscles
*Caudal constictor muscles are the '''cricopharyngeous muscle'''
**Originates from the thyroid cartilage of the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]]
**Originates from the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Thyroid Cartilage|thyroid cartilage]] of the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]]
===Muscles that dilate===
*Enclose pharynx laterally and dorsally
*Enclose pharynx laterally and dorsally
===Shorteners===
*Dilator muscle is the '''stylopharyngeous muscle'''
*Originates from the [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology|hyoid apparatus]]
*Widens the rostral pharynx
===Muscles that shorten===
*The '''pterygopharyngeous muscle''' shortens the pharynx
*Enclose pharynx laterally and dorsally
*Enclose pharynx laterally and dorsally
==Vasculature==
===Muscles that close the Pharyngeal Arch===
*
*The '''palatopharyngeous muscle''' also closes the pharyngeal arch
==Innervation==
==Innervation==
*
*Pharyngeal muscles arise from arch 4
*Pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X) from the cranial root of the accessory nerve (CN XI)
*Stylopharyngeous muscle comes from arch 3 and is innervated by the accessory nerve (CN XI)
*Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) supplies taste to the pharynx
==Histology==
==Histology==
*
*Fibroelastic aponeurosis supports the mucosa
*[[Nasopharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|nasopharynx]] has pseudostratified columnar epithelium
*[[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]] and the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Laryngeal Pharynx|laryngeal pharynx]] have stratified squamous epithelium
*[[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]] and the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Laryngeal Pharynx|laryngeal pharynx]] have salivary glands present
==Species Differences==
==Species Differences==