Changes

* Colostrum absorption is possible during the first 24 hours of life, with the maximum absorption being achieved during the first 8 to 12 hours.  

* Colostrum absorption is possible during the first 24 hours of life, with the maximum absorption being achieved during the first 8 to 12 hours.  

* Failure of passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulin is the major factor in neonatal mortality in alpacas and probably also in other camelidae.  

* Failure of passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulin is the major factor in neonatal mortality in alpacas and probably also in other camelidae.  

* Newbrpn cria should receive 10% of their body weight in colostrum, preferably within the first 12 hours after birth, with half of this amount given in the first 6 hours after birth.  

* Newborn cria should receive 10% of their body weight in colostrum, preferably within the first 12 hours after birth, with half of this amount given in the first 6 hours after birth.  

* Many factors such as cold weather or heat stress, lack of mothering, delivery by caesarean section and metabolic disturbances can can negatively affect the absorption of immunoglobulin.  

* Many factors such as cold weather or heat stress, lack of mothering, delivery by caesarean section and metabolic disturbances can can negatively affect the absorption of immunoglobulin.  

* If the dam does not have enough colostrum, and no other camel colostrum is available, then cow or goat colostrum may be used as a substitute.

* If the dam does not have enough colostrum, and no other camel colostrum is available, then cow or goat colostrum may be used as a substitute.