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| + | [[Image:DogThorax.jpg|right|thumb|250px|''Dog Thorax, contents of Thoracic Cavity removed. ©University of Nottingham 2008'']] |
− | |linkpage =Cardiorespiratory System - Anatomy & Physiology
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− | |linktext =Cardiorespiratory System
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− | |maplink = Cardiorespiratory (Content Map) - Anatomy & Physiology
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− | |pagetype =Anatomy
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− | [[Image:DogThorax.jpg|right|thumb|350px|''Dog Thorax, contents of Thoracic Cavity removed. ©Nottingham 2008'']] | |
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| ==Introduction== | | ==Introduction== |
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− | The Diaphragm is a dome-shaped musculotendinous sheet separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It is convex on it's cranial surface. | + | The Diaphragm is a dome-shaped musculotendinous sheet separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It is convex on its cranial surface. In the neutral position between full [[Anatomy and Physiology#Inspiration|inspiration]] and full [[Anatomy and Physiology#Expiration|expiration]], the most cranial part of the diaphragm is in line with the 6th rib. |
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− | In the neutral position between full [[Anatomy and Physiology#Inspiration|inspiration]] and full [[Anatomy and Physiology#Expiration|expiration]], the most cranial part of the Diaphragm is in line with the 6th Rib. | |
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| ==Structure== | | ==Structure== |
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− | *The Muscular part of the diaphragm is peripheral, surrounding the central Tendinous area.
| + | The muscular part of the diaphragm is peripheral, surrounding the central tendinous area. The muscular part has sections which arise from the xiphoid process of the [[Ribs and Sternum - Anatomy & Physiology|sternum]], [[Spinal Column - Anatomy & Physiology|vertebral column]] and caudal [[Ribs and Sternum - Anatomy & Physiology|ribs]]. |
− | *The muscular part has sections which arise from the
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− | **Xiphoid Process of the [[Ribs and Sternum - Anatomy & Physiology|Sternum]]
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− | **[[Spinal Column - Anatomy & Physiology|Vertebral Column]]
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− | **Caudal [[Ribs and Sternum - Anatomy & Physiology|Ribs]].
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− | ==Openings within the Diaphragm== | + | ==Openings within the diaphragm== |
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− | *The Diaphragm has three openings:
| + | The diaphragm has three openings: |
− | **'''Aortic Hiatus''' - the most Dorsal opening, contains the Aorta, Azygous Vein and Thoracic Duct.
| + | :'''Aortic Hiatus''' - the most dorsal opening, contains the aorta, azygous vein and thoracic duct |
− | **'''Oesophageal Hiatus''' - contains the oesophagus, dorsal and ventral Vagal trunks.
| + | :'''Oesophageal Hiatus''' - contains the oesophagus, dorsal and ventral vagal trunks |
− | **'''Caval Foramen''' - lies within the central tendoninous region of the diaphragm, and contains the Caudal Vena Cava. This opening does not allow movement;the diaphragm is fused with the vessel wall.
| + | :'''Caval Foramen''' - lies within the central tendinous region of the diaphragm and contains the caudal vena cava. This opening does not allow movement, the diaphragm is fused with the vessel wall. |
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| ==Function== | | ==Function== |
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− | During [[Anatomy and Physiology#Inspiration|Inspiration]], the diaphragm contracts to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity, decreasing it's pressure, thus drawing air in. | + | During [[Anatomy and Physiology#Inspiration|inspiration]], the diaphragm contracts to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity, decreasing its pressure, thus drawing air in. The diaphragm relaxes for [[Anatomy and Physiology#Expiration|expiration]]. |
− | The Diaphragm relaxes for [[Anatomy and Physiology#Expiration|Expiration]]. | |
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− | ==Vasculature== | + | ==Innervation== |
| + | [[Image:PhrenicNerveDog.jpg|right|thumb|250px|©RVC 2008]] |
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− | *
| + | The diaphragm is supplied by the '''phrenic nerve'''. |
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− | ==Innervation== | + | ==Species differences== |
− | [[Image:PhrenicNerveDog.jpg|right|thumb|200px|©RVC 2008]]
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− | * The Diaphragm is supplied by the Phrenic Nerve.
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− | ==Species Differences==
| + | Because of the shorter thorax, the diaphragm is steeper in the '''ruminant''' compared to the '''horse'''. '''Avian''' species do not possess a diaphragm. Air moves in and out of their lungs via [[Avian Respiration - Anatomy & Physiology#Air Sacs|air sacs]]. |
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− | *Because of the shorter thorax, the diaphragm is steeper in the '''ruminant''' compared to the '''horse'''.
| + | {{Template:Learning |
− | *'''Avian''' species do not possess a diaphragm. Air moves in and out of their lungs via [[Avian Respiration - Anatomy & Physiology#Air Sacs|Air Sacs]].
| + | |videos = [[Video: Lateral view of the feline thorax and abdomen potcast|Lateral view of the feline thorax and abdomen potcast]]<br>[[Video: A guide to the cardiorespiratory examination of small animals|A guide to the cardiorespiratory examination of small animals]]<br>[[Video: Female dog abdomen dissection|Female dog abdomen dissection]]<br>[[Video: Equine left-sided abdominal and thoracic topography dissection|Equine left-sided abdominal and thoracic topography dissection]]<br>[[Video: Equine left-sided abdominal and thoracic topography dissection 2|Equine left-sided abdominal and thoracic topography dissection 2]] |
| + | }} |
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− | ==Links==
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
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− | *{{citation|initiallast = Dyce|initialfirst = K.M|2last = Sack|2first = W.O|finallast = Wensing|finalfirst = C.J.G|year = 2002|title = Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy|ed =3rd|city = Philadelphia|pub = Saunders}}
| + | {{citation|initiallast = Dyce|initialfirst = K.M|2last = Sack|2first = W.O|finallast = Wensing|finalfirst = C.J.G|year = 2002|title = Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy|ed =3rd|city = Philadelphia|pub = Saunders}} |
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| + | ==Webinars== |
| + | <rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/respiratory/webinars/feed</rss> |
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| + | [[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology]][[Category:Respiratory System - Anatomy & Physiology]] |
| + | [[Category:A&P Done]] |