Line 1: |
Line 1: |
− | <big><center>[[Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO MUSCULOSKELETAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
| |
| | | |
| + | ==Forelimb== |
| | | |
− | ='''Forelimb'''= | + | ===The Shoulder=== |
− | | + | [[File:Points of a horse.jpg|right|500px]] |
− | | + | '''Bones''' |
− | =='''The Shoulder'''== | + | * Cranial border of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula]] |
− | '''Skeleton''' | + | * Dorsal border of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapular cartilage]] |
− | * Cranial border of the scapula | + | * Spine of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula]] |
− | * Dorsal border of the scapular cartilage | + | * Caudal division of the greater tuberosity, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]] |
− | * Spine of the scapula | + | * Deltoid tuberosity, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]] |
− | * Caudal division of the greater tuberosity, humerus | + | * Greater tuberosity, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]] |
− | * Deltoid tuberosity, humerus | |
− | * Greater tuberosity, humerus | |
− | | |
| | | |
| '''Soft Tissue''' | | '''Soft Tissue''' |
Line 21: |
Line 18: |
| * Supraspinatus and infrapinatus | | * Supraspinatus and infrapinatus |
| | | |
| + | For further details see: [[Limb Muscles - Horse Anatomy#Thoracic Limb|Equine muscles]] |
| | | |
− | =='''Antebrachium and Elbow'''== | + | ===Antebrachium and Elbow=== |
| '''Bones''' | | '''Bones''' |
| * Olecranon | | * Olecranon |
− | * Lateral epicondyle, humerus | + | * Lateral epicondyle, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]] |
− | * Lateral tuberosity, radius | + | * Lateral tuberosity, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]] |
− | * Styloid process, radius | + | * Styloid process, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]] |
− | | |
| | | |
| '''Joint''' | | '''Joint''' |
− | * Identified between distal humeral epicondyle and lateral tuberosity of the radius. The collateral ligament runs between these two landmarks. | + | * Identified between distal [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humeral]] epicondyle and lateral tuberosity of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]]. The collateral ligament runs between these two landmarks. |
− | | |
| | | |
| '''Soft tissue''' | | '''Soft tissue''' |
Line 40: |
Line 36: |
| * Tendon sheath of flexor carpi radialis | | * Tendon sheath of flexor carpi radialis |
| | | |
− | =='''Metacarpal region and Carpus'''==
| + | For further details see: [[Limb Muscles - Horse Anatomy#Thoracic Limb|Equine muscles]] |
− | '''Skeleton'''
| |
− | * Medial styloid process of radius
| |
− | * Lateral styloid process of radius
| |
− | * Accessory carpal bone
| |
− | * Medial and lateral splint bones and their buttons
| |
| | | |
| + | ===Metacarpal region and Carpus=== |
| + | '''Bones''' |
| + | * Medial styloid process of [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]] |
| + | * Lateral styloid process of [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]] |
| + | * [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Bones|Accessory carpal bone]] |
| + | * Medial and lateral [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|splint bones]] and their buttons |
| | | |
| '''Joint''' | | '''Joint''' |
− | * Radiocarpal joint | + | * [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Joint|Radiocarpal joint]] |
| * Carpal canal | | * Carpal canal |
− |
| |
| | | |
| '''Soft tissue''' | | '''Soft tissue''' |
| * Extensor carpi radialis tendon | | * Extensor carpi radialis tendon |
− | * Common digital extensor tendon | + | * [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|Common digital extensor tendon]] |
− | * Lateral digital extensor tendon | + | * [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|Lateral digital extensor tendon]] |
| * Flexor reticulum | | * Flexor reticulum |
− | * Superficial and deep digital flexor tendon | + | * [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Superficial and deep digital flexor tendon]] |
− | * Accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon | + | * [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon]] |
− | * Suspensory ligament | + | * [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Suspensory ligament]] |
| * Blood vessels and nerves in mid-metacarpal region | | * Blood vessels and nerves in mid-metacarpal region |
| * Medial palmar artery | | * Medial palmar artery |
| | | |
− | | + | ===Metacarpophalangeal Joint=== |
− | =='''Metacarpophalangeal Joint'''== | |
| '''Bones''' | | '''Bones''' |
− | * Sagittal ridge of dorsal metacarpus under CDE tendon | + | * Sagittal ridge of dorsal [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|metacarpus]] under [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]] |
− | * Dorsoproximal margin of proximal phalanx | + | * Dorsoproximal margin of [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]] |
| * Proximal sesamoid bones | | * Proximal sesamoid bones |
− |
| |
| | | |
| '''Soft tissue''' | | '''Soft tissue''' |
− | * Common digital flexor tendon | + | * [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Common digital flexor tendon]] |
− | * Dorsal pouch of the joint either side of the CDE tendon | + | * Dorsal pouch of the joint either side of the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]] |
| * Lateral digital extensor | | * Lateral digital extensor |
| * Neurovascular bundle on the abaxial surface of the proximal sesamoids | | * Neurovascular bundle on the abaxial surface of the proximal sesamoids |
| * Collateral ligaments of proximal sesamoids | | * Collateral ligaments of proximal sesamoids |
− | * Suspensory ligament | + | * [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Suspensory ligament]] |
| * Palmar annular ligament | | * Palmar annular ligament |
| * Palmar pouch of joint | | * Palmar pouch of joint |
− | * Proximal pouch of digital sheath between the suspensory ligament and digital flexor tendon | + | * Proximal pouch of digital sheath between the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|suspensory ligament]] and digital flexor tendon |
| | | |
− | | + | ===Pastern=== |
− | =='''Pastern'''== | |
| '''Bones''' | | '''Bones''' |
− | * Epicondyles of distal proximal phalanx and palmar processes of proximal middle phalanx show the site of the joint | + | * Epicondyles of distal [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]] and palmar processes of proximal [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]] show the site of the joint |
− | | |
| | | |
| '''Soft tissue''' | | '''Soft tissue''' |
− | * Dorsal pouch of distal interphalangeal joint | + | * Dorsal pouch of [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Distal Interphalangeal (Coffin) Joint|distal interphalangeal joint]] |
| * Collateral cartilage | | * Collateral cartilage |
− | * Extensor slips from suspensory ligament attaching to the CDE tendon | + | * Extensor slips from [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Suspensory ligament]] attaching to the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]] |
− | * Widening of common digital extensor tendon | + | * Widening of [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]] |
− | * Collateral ligaments of joint attaching to epicondyle of middle phalanx | + | * Collateral ligaments of joint attaching to epicondyle of [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]] |
− | * Flexor tendons | + | * [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|flexor tendons]] |
| * Digital arteries | | * Digital arteries |
| | | |
− | | + | ===Foot=== |
− | =='''Foot'''== | |
| * Coronary band and periople | | * Coronary band and periople |
| * Heel | | * Heel |
Line 108: |
Line 99: |
| * Wall of hoof | | * Wall of hoof |
| | | |
| + | For further details see: [[Hoof - Horse Anatomy|equine hoof]] |
| + | |
| + | ==Hindlimb== |
| + | |
| + | ===Thigh and Hindquarters=== |
| + | '''Bones''' |
| + | * Tuber coxae |
| + | * Greater trochanter of the femur |
| + | * Third trochanter of the femur |
| + | * Medial troclear ridge of the femur |
| + | |
| + | '''Soft tissue''' |
| + | * Semimembranosus |
| + | * Semitendinosus |
| + | * Biceps femoris |
| + | * Quadriceps |
| + | * Gluteals |
| + | * Tensor fascia latae |
| + | |
| + | ===Crus and Stifle=== |
| + | '''Bones''' |
| + | * Lateral condyle of tibia |
| + | * Lateral malleolus of tibia |
| + | * Tibial crest |
| + | * Patella |
| + | |
| + | '''Joints''' |
| + | * Femeropatellar joint |
| + | * Femerotibial joint |
| + | |
| + | '''Soft tissue''' |
| + | * Cranial tibial |
| + | * Long and lateral digital extensor muscles |
| + | * Gastrocnemius |
| + | * Deep digital flexor muscle |
| + | * Patellar ligaments |
| + | * Quadriceps |
| + | * Combined tendon of fibularis tertius and long digital extensor |
| + | * Lateral and medial collateral ligaments |
| + | * Medial menisci |
| + | * Popliteal tendon |
| + | |
| + | ===Hock=== |
| + | '''Bones''' |
| + | * Lateral and medial malleolus of the tibia |
| + | * Trochlea of the talus |
| + | * Sustentaculum tali |
| + | * Heads of the splint bones |
| + | |
| + | '''Joints''' |
| + | * Tarsocrural joint |
| + | * Proximal intertarsal joint |
| + | * Distal intertarsal joint |
| + | * Tarsometatarsal joint |
| + | |
| + | '''Soft tissue''' |
| + | * Cranial tibial |
| + | * Peroneus tertius |
| + | * Long digital extensor |
| + | * Lateral digital extensor |
| + | * Lateral collateral ligaments |
| + | * Saphenous vein |
| + | * Medial collateral ligaments of tarsocrural joint |
| + | * Cunean tendon |
| + | * Achilles tendon - SDFT, gastrocnemius, deep tarsal ligaments |
| + | * Calcaneal bursa |
| + | * Plantar ligament of calcaneus |
| + | =='''Metatarsal Region'''== |
| + | '''Bones''' |
| + | * Splint bones |
| + | |
| + | '''Soft tissue''' |
| + | * Long digital extensor tendon |
| + | * Lateral digital extensor tendon |
| + | * Lateral and medial palmar artery |
| + | * Suspensory ligament |
| + | * Flexor tendons |
| + | |
| + | ===Metatarsophalangeal Joint and Foot=== |
| + | * As for forelimb |
| + | <br> |
| + | {{Template:Learning |
| + | |dragster = [[Equine Skeletal Anatomy Dragster resource]] |
| + | }} |
| + | |
| + | ==Webinars== |
| + | <rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/internal-medicine/webinars/feed</rss> |
| | | |
− | ='''Hindlimb'''=
| + | [[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology]] |
| + | [[Category:Horse Anatomy]] |