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Stomach and Abomasum - Pathology (view source)
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==Introduction to the Stomach and Abomasum==
* In most animals, after swallowing, food leaves the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] and enters the [[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]]. In ruminants, food enters the [[The Abomasum|abomasum]] after fermentation in the forestomach.
* The [[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]] acts as a reservoir in which a semi-solid mass (chyme) is formed from the ingested food before passing into the [[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]].
* With the exception of water, little absorption occurs in the [[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]].
* Gastric juice is highly acidic, and contains:
** HCl, produced by the parietal cells
*** Maintains gastric pH at 2, which denatures protein.
** Pepsin, derived from pepsinogen, produced by zymogen cells
*** The action of HCl facilitates this.
* Surface epithelial cells and mucous neck cells produce mucus which forms an alkaline sheet over the epithelial surface.
** Provides protection from the gastric juice.
* The cells of the mucosa are renewed at different rates. This is an important considerination in the pathogenesis of certain gastric diseases.
** Surface epithelial cells and mucous neck cells are replaced about every 3 days.
** Parietal cells and zymogen cells are produced at a slower rate; the parietal cells have a half-life of 23 days.
===Defence Mechanisms===
# Secretions :
#* Mucus (inhibits contact with mucosa, protects surface).
#* Acid (parietal cells)
#* Digestive enzymes (pepsin from gastric chief cells)
# Epithelium:
#* Provides a barrier
#** Stratified squamous epithelium; multilayered, high cell turnover
# Movement:
#* Continuous movement discourages persistence of insult at mucosa.
===Miscellaneous===
*[[Stomach - comparative anatomy|Camelid Stomach]]
==Stomach and Abomasum - Contents==
===[[Stomach and Abomasum Inflammation - Pathology|Inflammatory Conditions]]===
===[[Stomach and Abomasum Proliferative - Pathology|Proliferative Pathology]]===
===[[Stomach and Abomasum Parasites - Pathology|Parasites]]===
===[[Stomach and Abomasum Physical Disruptions - Pathology|Physical Disruptions]]===
===[[Stomach and Abomasum Toxicology - Pathology|Toxicology]]===
===[[Stomach and Abomasum Consequences of Gastric Disease - Pathology|Consequences of Gastric Disease]]===
=oLD=
===Miscellaneous===
*[[Stomach - comparative anatomy|Camelid Stomach]]
==Stomach and Abomasum - Contents==
===[[Stomach and Abomasum - Inflammation|Inflammatory Conditions]]===
===[[Stomach and Abomasum - Proliferative Pathology|Proliferative Pathology]]===
===[[Stomach and Abomasum - Parasites|Parasites]]===
===[[Stomach and Abomasum - Physical Disruptions|Physical Disruptions]]===
===[[Stomach and Abomasum - Toxicology|Toxicology]]===
===[[Stomach and Abomasum - Consequences of Gastric Disease|Consequences of Gastric Disease]]===