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='''Diabetes mellitus'''=
='''Diabetes mellitus'''=
*Clinically significant glucose intolerance
*Chronic disease caused by deficiency of insulin and therefore disorders of carbohydrate metabolism
*Chronic disease caused by absolute or relevant deficiency of insulin and therefore disorders of carbohydrate metabolism
*Occurs in most species, most commonly in dog and cat
*Occurs in most species, most commonly in dog and cat
*Complication of pancreatic fibrosis
*Complication of pancreatic fibrosis
*Insulin binding antibodies, insulinase and plasma antagonists imbalance
*Insulin binding antibodies, insulinase and plasma antagonists imbalance
*Chronic insulin resistance results in hyperinsulinism leading to islet exhaustion
===Clinical signs===
===Clinical signs===
*Polyuria
*Polyuria
*Polydypsia
*Polydypsia
*Ketonuria
*Polyphagia
*Metabolic acidosis
*Weight loss
*Muscle wasting (but some animals may present obese)
*Hepatomegaly
*Cataracts (dogs)
*Later stages when becoming ketoacidotic
**Dehydration
**Depression
**Inappetance
**Vomiting
**Diarrhoea
**Ketotic breath
**Ketonuria
**Metabolic acidosis
*Reduced cardiac output (due to loss of water and sodium), reduced blood pressure and renal flow causing circulatory collapse, coma and death
*Reduced cardiac output (due to loss of water and sodium), reduced blood pressure and renal flow causing circulatory collapse, coma and death