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Urine Normal Composition (view source)
Revision as of 18:39, 1 September 2008
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Adapted from the [http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/ref_00.htm Merck Veterinary Manual] online referance table entitled '''Urine Volume and Specific Gravity'''
Adapted from the [http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/ref_00.htm Merck Veterinary Manual] online referance table entitled '''Urine Volume and Specific Gravity'''
==The Normal Appearance of Urine==
Several pathological conditions can cause macroscopic changes to the urine. It is therefore essential to appreciate the normal appearance of urine. In many of the exotic species the urine has a very differant appearance and therefore use care when applying this to those species.
===Colour===
In the majority of the domestic species the urine should beyellow in colour. The colour of the urine is very dependant on the '''urine specific gravity''' so it is important to account for this. If the urine is more concentrated it will be darker in colour and vica versa as a general rule . Equine urine can become brown if left standing. Discoloured urine should be taken into consideration when carrying out tests which involve a colour change such as dipsticks. The abnormal urine colour could affect the result.
===Turbidity===
If the urine is not clear then this could indicate a variety of pathological states. In the horse it is normal for it to be turbid due the mucous secreted in the renal pelvis and proximal ureters.
===Odour===
It is normal for urine to have a slight odour from the ammonia. The odour increases with concentration and in some species such as the cat a pungent urine is normal. However a strong smelling urine could indicate a pathological state