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− | |backcolour =CDE472
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− | |linkpage =Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology
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− | |linktext =Musculoskeletal System
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− | |maplink = Musculoskeletal System (Content Map) - Anatomy & Physiology
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− | |pagetype =Anatomy
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− | <br>
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| ==Introduction== | | ==Introduction== |
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− | The hyoid apparatus holds the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]] in place and supports the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] from the skull. | + | The hyoid apparatus holds the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]] in place and supports the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] from the skull. It is made up of 5 different bones, which vary in length and size depending on the species. |
| + | [[Image:Hyoid Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Hyoid Apparatus in situ - Copyright Nottingham]] |
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− | It is made up of 5 different bones which vary in length and size depending on the species.
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− | [[Image:Hyoid Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Hyoid Apparatus in situ - Copyright Nottingham]]
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| ==Structure and Function== | | ==Structure and Function== |
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− | *Attached to the temporal region of the skull by a [[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology#Cartilaginous Joints|synchondrosis]]
| + | It is attached to the temporal region of the skull by a [[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology#Cartilaginous Joints|synchondrosis joint]]. It is palpable through the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and is visible when the pharynx is viewed through the mouth. The basihyoid is palpable within the intermandibular space. |
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− | *Palpable through [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]]
| + | The '''sternohyoid''' muscle pulls the hyoid caudally and the '''geniohyoid''' muscle pulls the hyoid rostrally. |
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− | *Visible when the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] is viewed through the mouth
| + | [[Image:Hyoid Bones.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Hyoid Apparatus Drawing - Copyright nabrown]] |
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− | *Basihyoid is palpable within the intermandibular space
| + | ==The hyoid bones== |
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− | *Sternohyoid muscle pulls hyoid caudally
| + | '''1. Basihyoid''' - Unpaired bone. |
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− | *Geniohyoid muscle pulls hyoid rostrally
| + | '''2. Stylohyoid''' - Articulates with base of skull at the petrus temporal. A paired bone. |
− | [[Image:Hyoid Bones.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Hyoid Apparatus Drawing - Copyright nabrown]]
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− | ===The hyoid bones===
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− | *Basihyoid
| + | '''3. Epihyoid''' - A paired bone. |
− | **Lingual process present in some species which protrudes into the roof of the [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]]
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− | **Unpaired
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− | *Stylohyoid
| + | '''4. Keratohyoid''' - A paired bone. |
− | **Articulates with base of skull at petrus temporal
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− | **Articulates with [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Thyroid Cartilage|thyroid cartilage]] of [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]]
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− | **Paired
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− | *Epihyoid
| + | '''5. Thyrohyoid''' - Articulates with the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Thyroid Cartilage|thyroid cartilage]] of the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]]. A paired bone. |
− | **Paired
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− | *Keratohyoid
| + | ==Species Differences== |
− | **Paired
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− | *Thyrohyoid
| + | [[Image:Canine Hyoid.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Canine hyoid apparatus - Copyright Nottingham]] |
− | **Paired
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− | ==Species Differences==
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− | [[Image:Canine Hyoid.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Canine hyoid apparatus - Copyright Nottingham]]
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| ===Carnivores=== | | ===Carnivores=== |
− | *Stylohyoid bones not palpable
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| + | Stylohyoid bones are not palpable. |
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| ===Equine=== | | ===Equine=== |
− | *Epihyoid small
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− | *Lingual process present
| + | Epihyoid is small, the lingual process is present and they have a well developed stylohyoid muscle. |
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− | *Well developed stylohyoid muscle
| + | ===Ruminants=== |
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− | ===Ruminants===
| + | Lingual process is present. |
− | *Lingual process present
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| ===Porcine=== | | ===Porcine=== |
− | *Lingual process present
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− | ==Links== | + | Lingual process is present. |
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| + | {{Template:Learning |
| + | |flashcards = [[Hyoid Apparatus - Musculoskeletal - Flashcards|Hyoid apparatus anatomy]] |
| + | |videos = [[Video: Ventral muscles of the head potcast|Ventral muscles of the head potcast]]<br>[[Video: Hyoid apparatus potcast|Hyoid apparatus potcast]] |
| + | }} |
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− | [[Hyoid Apparatus - Musculoskeletal - Flashcards|Hyoid Apparatus Flashcards]] | + | ==Webinars== |
| + | <rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/gastroenterology-and-nutrition/webinars/feed</rss> |
| + | [[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology]] |
| + | [[Category:A&P Done]] |