Changes

=====Species Differences in the Origin of the Vaginal Artery=====

=====Species Differences in the Origin of the Vaginal Artery=====

The description above relates to the bitch.  However the vaginal artery branches directly off the internal iliac in some species.  This is because the level of the division of the internal iliac a. into the internal pudendal a. and caudal glutel a. varies.  The division is more cranial in the dog and the horse so you have a short internal iliac and a long internal pudendal and the vaginal artery branches off the latter in these species.  In the cow and pig however the reverse is true and division is far more caudal resulting in the vaginal artery actually being a branch of the internal iliac.

The description above relates to the bitch.  However the vaginal artery branches directly off the internal iliac in some species.  This is because the level of the division of the internal iliac a. into the internal pudendal a. and caudal gluteal a. varies.  The division is more cranial in the dog and the horse so you have a short internal iliac and a long internal pudendal and the vaginal artery branches off the latter in these species.  In the cow and pig however the reverse is true and division is far more caudal resulting in the vaginal artery actually being a branch of the internal iliac.

===Lymphatic Drainage===  

===Lymphatic Drainage===