Changes

# '''Agricultural Chemicals.'''<br>As the use of these substances is generally intentional they can be applied well in advance of harvesting in a controlled manner (this is the case for herbicides, fungicides, fertilizers & rodenticides), thus limiting their presence in feeds then given to animals. Some insecticides may be used nearer to harvest or on animals & their environments.

# '''Agricultural Chemicals.'''<br>As the use of these substances is generally intentional they can be applied well in advance of harvesting in a controlled manner (this is the case for herbicides, fungicides, fertilizers & rodenticides), thus limiting their presence in feeds then given to animals. Some insecticides may be used nearer to harvest or on animals & their environments.

##'''''Insecticides'''''-As the most widely used agricultural chemicals represent the greatest risk to food contamination of this category. Some are extremely environmentally stable & toxic.

##'''''Insecticides'''''-As the most widely used agricultural chemicals represent the greatest risk to food contamination of this category. Some are extremely environmentally stable & toxic.

###Chlorinated Hydrocarbons<br>DDT (Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane) is th most well known. It is very durable, accumulates in tissues & persists in the environment. Chlorinated Hydrocarbons are CNS stimulants & cause congestion of internal organs & focal centrilobular necrosis of the liver.

###''Chlorinated Hydrocarbons''<br>DDT (Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane) is th most well known. It is very durable, accumulates in tissues & persists in the environment. Chlorinated Hydrocarbons are CNS stimulants & cause congestion of internal organs & focal centrilobular necrosis of the liver.

###Organophosphates<br>The most widely used insecticides, are much less persistant in the environment & body tissues than Chlorinated Hydrocarbons and hence, present less of a risk. They can however, be extremely toxic to mammals causing non-specific acute signs or chronic lung congestion. They may be an Occupational Hazard.

###''Organophosphates''<br>The most widely used insecticides, are much less persistant in the environment & body tissues than Chlorinated Hydrocarbons and hence, present less of a risk. They can however, be extremely toxic to mammals causing non-specific acute signs or chronic lung congestion. They may be an Occupational Hazard.

##Herbicides-Are not usually used on animal food crops but may sometimes be used for plants used for animal bedding causing residue problems. Some may contain [[Dioxins]].

##'''''Herbicides'''''-Are not usually used on animal food crops but may sometimes be used for plants used for animal bedding causing residue problems. Some may contain [[Dioxins]].

##Fungicides-(e.g. dicloran & folpet) Do not usually cause residue problems. They may contain heavy metals. They are often dyed to allow identification of treated crops, however, accidental feeding of treated crops to animals or use in cereal foods has led to poisonings.

##'''''Fungicides'''''-(e.g. dicloran & folpet) Do not usually cause residue problems. They may contain heavy metals. They are often dyed to allow identification of treated crops, however, accidental feeding of treated crops to animals or use in cereal foods has led to poisonings.

##Fertilizers-Can cause significant environmental problems, particularly if they contaminate run-off waters. Algal blooms may result aswell as the growth of toxic algae that may contaminate shellfish.  

##'''''Fertilizers'''''-Can cause significant environmental problems, particularly if they contaminate run-off waters. Algal blooms may result aswell as the growth of toxic algae that may contaminate shellfish.  

##Rodenticides- (e.g. Warfarin & Antu) although widely used should not contaminate foodstuffs.<br><br>

##'''''Rodenticides'''''- (e.g. Warfarin & Antu) although widely used should not contaminate foodstuffs.<br><br>

# Growth Promoters

# '''Growth Promoters'''

Growth Promoters are used amongst other things to increase growth rates of animals and not for a health benefit to the animal or consumer. Commonly used Growth Promoters are Hormone-like compounds & antimicrobials. Growth Promoters Growth Promoters are not allowed in the EU but are in the USA & other countries. This has important trade implications.

Growth Promoters are used amongst other things to increase growth rates of animals and not for a health benefit to the animal or consumer. Commonly used Growth Promoters are Hormone-like compounds & antimicrobials. Growth Promoters Growth Promoters are not allowed in the EU but are in the USA & other countries. This has important trade implications.

##'Hormone-like growth promoters'<br>

##'''''Hormone-like growth promoters'''''<br>

=Environmental Chemical Hazards=

=Environmental Chemical Hazards=