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→Drug Residues
#'''Growth Promoters'''<br>Growth Promoters are used amongst other things to increase production performance of animals and not for a health benefit to the animal or consumer. Commonly used Growth Promoters are Hormone-like compounds & antimicrobials. Growth Promoters Growth Promoters are not allowed in the EU but are in the USA & other countries. This has important trade implications.
#'''Growth Promoters'''<br>Growth Promoters are used amongst other things to increase production performance of animals and not for a health benefit to the animal or consumer. Commonly used Growth Promoters are Hormone-like compounds & antimicrobials. Growth Promoters Growth Promoters are not allowed in the EU but are in the USA & other countries. This has important trade implications.
##'''''Hormone-like growth promoters'''''<br>These include synthetic hormones (e.g.Diethylsibestrol), natural hormones (e.g. estradiol, Progesterone, Testosterone), fungal oestrogens (Zearalenone), Beta-agonists (Trenbolone) and thyreostatics. Risk associated with these compunds can be difficult to evaluate as administered natural hormones may be dificult to distinguish from endogenous hormones in animals & people. Also synthetic hormones given to young animals may not be detectable at time of slaughter.
##'''''Hormone-like growth promoters'''''<br>These include synthetic hormones (e.g.Diethylsibestrol), natural hormones (e.g. estradiol, Progesterone, Testosterone), fungal oestrogens (Zearalenone), Beta-agonists (Trenbolone) and thyreostatics. Risk associated with these compunds can be difficult to evaluate as administered natural hormones may be dificult to distinguish from endogenous hormones in animals & people. Also synthetic hormones given to young animals may not be detectable at time of slaughter.
##'''''Antimicrobial Growth Promoters'''''<br>Fed are low but continuous doses in feed they have been observed to cause increased growth rates. Although not understood the mechanism of action could be via suppressing disadvantagous intestinal microflora or direct anabolic effects of the drugs themselves. Virginamycin, bacitracin, polymyxin B & sulphonamides are commonly used. There used is strongly suspected of causing [[Antimicrobial Resistance - WikiVPH|Antimicrobial Resistance]].
=Environmental Chemical Hazards=
=Environmental Chemical Hazards=