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→Aetiology
===Aetiology===
===Aetiology===
Can be caused by
Can be caused by
*Absolute deficiency of insulin due to [[Pancreas - endocrine#Degenerative pathology|degenerative changes]] in beta cells
*Absolute deficiency of insulin due to [[Pancreas - endocrine#Degenerative pathology|degenerative changes]] in beta cells (Miniature poodles, Dachsunds,Terriers seem to be predisposed)
*Antagonism of insulin by hormones from the adrenal and thyroid glands, anterior pituitary causing high levels of blood glucose (e.g. progesterone may initiate postoestrus DM in the bitch)
*Antagonism of insulin by hormones from the adrenal and thyroid glands, anterior pituitary causing high levels of blood glucose (e.g. progesterone may initiate postoestrus DM in the bitch, hyperadrenocorticism)
*Complication of pancreatic fibrosis
*Complication of pancreatic fibrosis
*Immune-mediated disease
*Insulin binding antibodies, insulinase and plasma antagonists imbalance
*Insulin binding antibodies, insulinase and plasma antagonists imbalance
*Chronic insulin resistance results in hyperinsulinism leading to islet exhaustion
*Chronic insulin resistance (due to excessive food intake and down regulation of receptors) results in hyperinsulinism leading to islet exhaustion
*Glycogenosis and hydropic degeneration, amyloidosis (esp. cats)
*Other factors, eg. stress, viral infection, genetic factors
===Clinical signs===
===Clinical signs===