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| ==Introduction== | | ==Introduction== |
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− | The '''piroplasms'' are a group of blood-bourne protozoa which are transmitted by [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks|ticks]]. The two species most of veterinary importance are ''Babesia'', ''Cytauxzoon'' and ''Theileria''. | + | The '''piroplasms''' are a group of blood-bourne protozoa which are transmitted by [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks|ticks]]. The two species most of veterinary importance are ''Babesia'', ''Cytauxzoon'' and ''Theileria''. |
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| Piroplasms are apicomplexan protozoa which inhabit [[Erythrocytes - WikiBlood|erythrocytes]], and sometimes other cells of vertebrates, but do not form pigment from haemoglobin. All piroplasms are small and round or pear-shaped (erythrocyte forms) and are parasitic on fish, amphibians, birds and mammals. | | Piroplasms are apicomplexan protozoa which inhabit [[Erythrocytes - WikiBlood|erythrocytes]], and sometimes other cells of vertebrates, but do not form pigment from haemoglobin. All piroplasms are small and round or pear-shaped (erythrocyte forms) and are parasitic on fish, amphibians, birds and mammals. |
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| ==''Babesia''== | | ==''Babesia''== |
| + | [[Image:Babesia Life Cycle.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Babesia Life Cycle Diagram - Dennis Jacobs & Mark Fox RVC]] |
| + | *Infects a wide range of host species in different areas of the world |
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| + | *Babesiosis has severe effects on cattle production in parts of the world |
| + | **Prevents European breeds from being successful in tropical regions where [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks|ticks]] are endemic. |
| + | **Occurs sporadically in the UK and Ireland causing losses of around £8 million per year |
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| + | '''Life Cycle''' |
| + | *Both [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks#Disease Transmission|trans-stadial]] and [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks#Disease Transmission|trans-ovarian]] occurs |
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| + | *Each female [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks|tick]] produces 3000 eggs |
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| + | *The [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks|tick]] is the definitive host |
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| * May cause haemolysis and [[General Pathology - Pigmentation and Calcification#Haemoglobin|haemoglobin pigmentation]]. | | * May cause haemolysis and [[General Pathology - Pigmentation and Calcification#Haemoglobin|haemoglobin pigmentation]]. |
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| + | '''Epidemiology''' |
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| ==''Theileria''== | | ==''Theileria''== |