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===Overview===
===Overview===
*Cause [[Intestine Pathogens - Pathology|intestinal disease]] in animals and are important zoonoses
*Cause [[Intestine Pathogens - Pathology|intestinal disease]] in animals and are important zoonoses
*''Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica'' reside in the intestine of domestic and wild animals and birds
*''Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica'' reside in the intestine of domestic and wild animals and birds
*Birds may cause mechanical transfer of the organisms
*Birds may cause mechanical transfer of the organisms
===Characteristics===
===Characteristics===
*Show bipolar staining in Giemsa-stained smears from animal tissue
*Show bipolar staining in Giemsa-stained smears from animal tissue
*Pathogenic strains identified by serotyping and biotyping
*Pathogenic strains identified by serotyping and biotyping
===Pathogenesis===
===Pathogenesis===
*Replication in lymph nodes and development of necrotic lesions, with neutrophil invasion
*Replication in lymph nodes and development of necrotic lesions, with neutrophil invasion
*The bacteria destroy the macrophages causing septicaemia
*The bacteria destroy the macrophages causing septicaemia
===Clinical infections===
===Clinical infections===
**Ileitis, gastroenteritis, mesenteric adenitis
**Ileitis, gastroenteritis, mesenteric adenitis
**Pathogenicity related to a heat stable enterotoxin
**Pathogenicity related to a heat stable enterotoxin
===Diagnosis===
===Diagnosis===
*Biochemical tests to identify particular species
*Biochemical tests to identify particular species
*Specific fluorescent antibody staining of lymph node aspirates to identify ''Y. pestis''
*Specific fluorescent antibody staining of lymph node aspirates to identify ''Y. pestis''
===Control===
===Control===
*Control ''Y. pestis'' by controlling rodent population and flea control of cats
*Control ''Y. pestis'' by controlling rodent population and flea control of cats
*Control of other ''Yersinia'' species difficult due to their ubiquity
*Control of other ''Yersinia'' species difficult due to their ubiquity
===Treatment===
===Treatment===