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**Wildlife reservoirs include badgers and possibly deer in the Europe
**Wildlife reservoirs include badgers and possibly deer in the Europe
*Pathogenesis and pathogenicity===
*Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
**
**Survival and multiplication in macrophages at primary site of infection due to prevention of phagosome-lysosome fusion
**Mycobacteria are released from macrophages and also migrate within macrophages around the body
**Waxy cell wall contributes to the host immune response to the mycobacteria and the development of lesions
**Cell-mediated immune response with activated macrophages and sensitised T cells
**Delayed-type hypersensitivity response with granuloma formation
**Lesions contain macrophages, multinucleate giant cells and later a central area of caseous necrosis, giving a cheesy appearance
*Clinical signs
**Initially asymptomatic
**Loss of condition
**Cough and intermittent pyrexia with lung pathology
**Tuberculous mastitis with transmission via milk
*Diagnosis
**Tuberculin test - comparative intradermal test
**Avian and bovine tuberculin (purified protein derivative) is injected intradermally into two different clipped sites on the side of the neck
**Skin thickness at these sites is compared before and 72 hours after the injection of tuberculin with calipers
**Increases in skin thickness at the bovine PPD site of more than 4cm greater than the avian PPD site are seen as positive (reactor)
**Blood tests including the gamma interferon assay are being developed