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*Species occur only on mammals
*Species occur only on mammals
==Life Cycle==
==Life cycle==
*The whole life cycle takes '''2-3 weeks'''
*The whole life cycle takes '''2-3 weeks'''
'''3. Adults'''
'''3. Adults'''
*Females can lay up to 10 eggs per day
*Females can lay up to '''10 eggs per day'''
==Pediculosis==
==Pediculosis==
*Pediculosis in farm animals is most often seen in winter when the coat is thickest
*Pediculosis in farm animals is most often seen in winter when the coat is thickest
*Debilitated animals are often lousy as they cannot groom properly
*Debilitated animals are often predisposed as they cannot groom properly
===Cattle===
===Cattle===
*Some lice will gather in clusters
*Some lice will gather in clusters
*Causes ill-thrift, anaemia and can lead to down-graded leather
*Causes
**Ill-thrift
**Anaemia
**Down-graded leather
===Sheep===
===Sheep===
*Two sucking lice
*Two sucking lice
**''Lignognathus'' spp.
**''Lignognathus spp.''
***The 'foot louse' and the 'face louse'
***The 'foot louse' and the 'face louse'
**''Haematopinus suis''
**''Haematopinus suis''
**Large 5mm louse which is easily visible on the skin
**Large 5mm louse which is easily visible on the skin
**Vector of African swine fever virus and rickettsiae
**Common to the UK
**Overseas it is a vector of African swine fever virus and rickettsiae
===Horses===
===Horses===
**''Haematopinus asini''
**''Haematopinus asini''
*Mainly in the mane and tail but can spread over the body
*Mainly found in the mane and tail but can spread over the body
===Dogs===
===Dogs===
*One chewing louse
*One chewing louse
**''Trichodectes''
**''Trichodectes canis''
*One sucking louse
*One sucking louse
*Several species of chewing lice
*Several species of chewing lice
**''Lipeurus'' spp. are the most pathogenic
**''Lipeurus spp.'' are the most pathogenic
***E.g. the 'wing louse' and the 'head louse'
***The 'wing louse' and the 'head louse'
**''Menacanthis'' spp. are also pathogenic
**''Menacanthus spp.'' are also pathogenic
***Lays its eggs in clusters around the [[The Avian Vent and Cloaca - Anatomy & Physiology|cloaca]]
***Lays its eggs in clusters around the [[The Avian Vent and Cloaca - Anatomy & Physiology|cloaca]]
*Few insecticides will kill lice eggs on the animal
*Few insecticides will kill lice eggs on the animal
*Two treatments are needed to kill nymphs emerging from eggs at the time of the initial treatment and those that will emerge 2-3 weeks later
*'''Two treatments''' are needed to kill nymphs emerging from eggs at the time of the initial treatment and those that will emerge 2-3 weeks later
**At two week intervals
**At '''two week intervals'''
**Or a product with a two week residual activity can be used
**Or a product with a '''two week residual activity''' can be used
*Sucking lice are more susceptible to systemic insecticide treatment than chewing lice
*Resistance to insecticides may become a problem so alternating the chemicals used and avoiding pour on treatments (which have a greater risk of resistance developing) should be considered
*Resistance to insecticides may become a problem so alternating the chemicals used and avoiding pour on treatments (which have a greater risk of resistance developing) should be considered
==[[Insecta Flashcards - WikiBugs#Lice|Lice Flashcards]]==
==[[Insecta Flashcards - WikiBugs#Lice|Lice Flashcards]]==