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→Anti-Inflammatory Effects
During the inflammatory response, pharmacological levels of steroids have an effect on:
During the inflammatory response, pharmacological levels of steroids have an effect on:
* Blood vessels
* '''Blood vessels''', to decrease vasodilation and fluid exudation.
* '''Inflammatory mediators''', by:
** Inhibiting cyclo-oygenase, leading to a decrease in prostanoid levels.
** Inhibiting phosphlipase-A2, reducing conversion of phospholipid to arachidonate and therfore mediator production.
** Decreasing generation of inflammatory cytokines.
** Decreasing histamine release.
* '''Inflammatory cells'''. For example,
** Actions of helper T-cells are reduced.
** Accumulation of leucocytes in areas of inflammation is decreased.
** Macrophages are rendered less active in combating micro-organisms.
* '''Fibroblasts''', to decrease their function and cause reduced healing and repair.
* '''Bone cells'''
** Osteoblast activity is reduced.
** Osteocalst activity is increased.
===Immuno-Suppressive Effects===
===Immuno-Suppressive Effects===