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New page: {{unfinished}} '''Isoflurane''' is currently the most commonly used inhalation agent in veterinary practice. Similarly to halothane it's main use is as a maintenance agent a...
{{unfinished}}
'''Isoflurane''' is currently the most commonly used inhalation agent in veterinary practice. Similarly to [[Halothane|halothane]] it's main use is as a maintenance agent after induction with an [[Injectable agents| injectable agent]] but, again, can be used to induce patients. However, it does not have a pleasant odour and so many patients will breath hold. Isoflurane is licenced in most companion animals.
==Pharmacokinetics==
Isoflurane is a nonflammable and stable anaesthetic that, at room temperature is a liquid and so requires passage through a [[Vaporisers|vaporiser]]. Unlike [[Halothane|halothane]], it does not require a preservative, nor does it undergo ultraviolet degradation. The '''blood:gas coefficient''' is lower then that of halothane, meaning that is poorly blood soluble. This means that it cause rapid induction , recovery and depth of anaesthesia. The '''MAC''' for isoflurane is approximately ''1.3%'', making it ''less potent'' then halothane, but it is less tissue soluble. There is minimal metabolism to isoflurane, but any that occurs is in the liver.
==Adverse Effects==
===Central Nervous System===
*Isoflurane does not mar the cerebral circulation's response to carbon dioxide. This means that hyperventilation can be used to decrease ICP in these patients.
===Cardiovascular System===
*Myocardial contractility depression.
*Heart rate may increase, which helps control cardiac output in the face of depression of myocardial contractility.
*Decresase in arterial blood pressure due to decreased vascular resistance.
===Respiratory System===
*Ventilation depression.
===Other Systems===
*Decreases flow through the hepatic portal vein but increased flow through the hepatic artery, so hepatic damage is less likely.
*Like halothane, isoflurane can cause malignant hyperthermia in susceptible patients.
==Contraindications==
*Isoflurane should not be used in patients with a susceptilbility to malignant hyperthermia.
*It potentiates non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agents.
'''Isoflurane''' is currently the most commonly used inhalation agent in veterinary practice. Similarly to [[Halothane|halothane]] it's main use is as a maintenance agent after induction with an [[Injectable agents| injectable agent]] but, again, can be used to induce patients. However, it does not have a pleasant odour and so many patients will breath hold. Isoflurane is licenced in most companion animals.
==Pharmacokinetics==
Isoflurane is a nonflammable and stable anaesthetic that, at room temperature is a liquid and so requires passage through a [[Vaporisers|vaporiser]]. Unlike [[Halothane|halothane]], it does not require a preservative, nor does it undergo ultraviolet degradation. The '''blood:gas coefficient''' is lower then that of halothane, meaning that is poorly blood soluble. This means that it cause rapid induction , recovery and depth of anaesthesia. The '''MAC''' for isoflurane is approximately ''1.3%'', making it ''less potent'' then halothane, but it is less tissue soluble. There is minimal metabolism to isoflurane, but any that occurs is in the liver.
==Adverse Effects==
===Central Nervous System===
*Isoflurane does not mar the cerebral circulation's response to carbon dioxide. This means that hyperventilation can be used to decrease ICP in these patients.
===Cardiovascular System===
*Myocardial contractility depression.
*Heart rate may increase, which helps control cardiac output in the face of depression of myocardial contractility.
*Decresase in arterial blood pressure due to decreased vascular resistance.
===Respiratory System===
*Ventilation depression.
===Other Systems===
*Decreases flow through the hepatic portal vein but increased flow through the hepatic artery, so hepatic damage is less likely.
*Like halothane, isoflurane can cause malignant hyperthermia in susceptible patients.
==Contraindications==
*Isoflurane should not be used in patients with a susceptilbility to malignant hyperthermia.
*It potentiates non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agents.