Changes

*May be a primary pathogen or opportunistic

*May be a primary pathogen or opportunistic

*Targets the respiratory system

*Targets the [[Cardiorespiratory System - Anatomy & Physiology|respiratory system]]

**Including the paranasal sinuses

**Including the [[Paranasal sinuses - Anatomy & Physiology|paranasal sinuses]]

**Also can be systemic, cutaneous, visceral, skeletal or ocular

**Also can be systemic, cutaneous, visceral, skeletal or ocular

**Can spread within the herd

**Can spread within the herd

*Affects the CNS of dogs and cats

*Affects the [[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology|CNS]] of dogs and cats

**Paranasal sinuses and pharynx can be infected with dissemination to the CNS and other tissues

**[[Paranasal sinuses - Anatomy & Physiology|paranasal sinuses]] and [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] can be infected with dissemination to the [[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology|CNS]] and other tissues

***E.g. Lungs, kidneys and joints

***E.g. [[Lungs - Anatomy & Physiology|Lungs]], [[Urinary System - Anatomy & Physiology#The Kidney|kidneys]] and [[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology|joints]]

**Also causes subcutaneous granulomas

**Also causes subcutaneous granulomas

**The tip of the nose is a common site of infection in cats

**The tip of the nose is a common site of infection in cats

***See [[Respiratory Fungal Infections - Pathology#In Cats|here]]

***See [[Respiratory Fungal Infections - Pathology#In Cats|here]]

*Causes myxoma-like lesions of the lung and lip in horses

*Causes myxoma-like lesions of the [[Lungs - Anatomy & Physiology|lung]] and [[Lips - Anatomy & Physiology|lip]] in horses

*Causes cryptococcal meningitis in humans

*Causes cryptococcal meningitis in humans

*Gram positive

*Gram positive

*Grows on blood agar and Sabouraud's Dextrose agar forming white, granular colonies which become slimy, mucoid and turn cream/brown within a week

*Grows on blood agar and Sabouraud's Dextrose agar forming white, granular colonies which become slimy, mucoid and turn creamy/brown within a week

*Species identified by carbohydrate assimilation tests

*Species identified by carbohydrate assimilation tests

*Antigen and antibody should be tested for as antibody formed by the body is soon overwhelmed and neutralised by abundent polysaccharide antigen from the capsule, in active, systemic infections

*Antigen and antibody should be tested for as [[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood|antibody]] formed by the body is soon overwhelmed and neutralised by abundent polysaccharide antigen from the capsule in active, systemic infections

**Latex agglutination for antigen, complement fixation, ELISA and IFAT can be used

**Latex agglutination for [[Adaptive Immune System - WikiBlood#Actions of the Adaptive Immune System|antigen]], complement fixation, ELISA and IFAT can be used

==Geotrichosis==

==Geotrichosis==