Changes

* Hypertrophic osteopathy as a paraneoplastic syndrome - particulary those with sarcomas with ''Spirocerca lupi'' aetiology

* Hypertrophic osteopathy as a paraneoplastic syndrome - particulary those with sarcomas with ''Spirocerca lupi'' aetiology

===Plain Radiography===

===Plain Radiography===

A mass, intra-luminal gas retention or oesophageal stricture with a cranial dilation are not always visible. Contrast studies may requried to define mucosal irregularities and strictures. Swallowing defects and regurgitation can be assessed via fluoroscopy.

A mass, intra-luminal gas retention or oesophageal stricture with a cranial dilation are not always visible. Contrast studies may be required to define mucosal irregularities and strictures. Swallowing defects and regurgitation can be assessed via fluoroscopy.

 

===Advanced Imaging Techniques===

===Advanced Imaging Techniques===

CT and MRI can be useful in defining the full extent of the lesion.

CT and MRI can be useful in defining the full extent of the lesion.