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| *Occur following many different types of insult and are usually '''segmental''' | | *Occur following many different types of insult and are usually '''segmental''' |
| *If regeneration does not occur after formation of small vacuoles, [[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Necrosis|necrosis]] follows | | *If regeneration does not occur after formation of small vacuoles, [[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Necrosis|necrosis]] follows |
− | **Vacuolation -> floccular degeneration -> granular degeneration -> [[General Pathology - Degenerations and Infiltrations#Hyaline Degeneration|hyaline]] and [[Zenker Degeneration - Pathology|Zenker’s degeneration]] | + | **Vacuolation -> floccular degeneration -> granular degeneration -> [[Degenerations and Infiltrations - Pathology#Hyaline Degeneration|hyaline]] and [[Zenker Degeneration - Pathology|Zenker’s degeneration]] |
− | *[[General Pathology - Degenerations and Infiltrations#Vacuolar Degeneration|'''Vacuolar degeneration''']]: | + | *[[Degenerations and Infiltrations - Pathology#Vacuolar Degeneration|'''Vacuolar degeneration''']]: |
| **Due to swelling of organelles or due to glycogen or fat accumulation | | **Due to swelling of organelles or due to glycogen or fat accumulation |
| **May be caused by hypokalaemia, hyperkalaemia or necrosis | | **May be caused by hypokalaemia, hyperkalaemia or necrosis |
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| *Due to: | | *Due to: |
| **Old age - myofibres | | **Old age - myofibres |
− | **Following necrosis - [[General Pathology - Pigmentation and Calcification#Dystrophic|dystrophic calcification]] | + | **Following necrosis - [[Pigmentation and Calcification - Pathology#Dystrophic|dystrophic calcification]] |
| ***May be visible grossly as white foci | | ***May be visible grossly as white foci |
| | | |
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| **Seen in horses and dogs | | **Seen in horses and dogs |
| **Histologically: | | **Histologically: |
− | ***Central zone - proliferating undifferentiated cells and [[General Pathology - Chronic Inflammation#Fibroblasts|fibroblasts]] | + | ***Central zone - proliferating undifferentiated cells and [[Chronic Inflammation - Pathology#Fibroblasts|fibroblasts]] |
| ***Middle zone - [[Bones - normal#Normal structure|osteoblasts]] depositing osteoid and bone | | ***Middle zone - [[Bones - normal#Normal structure|osteoblasts]] depositing osteoid and bone |
| ***Outer zone - [[Bones - normal#Bone organisation|trabecular bone]] remodelled by [[Bones - normal#Normal structure|osteoclasts]] | | ***Outer zone - [[Bones - normal#Bone organisation|trabecular bone]] remodelled by [[Bones - normal#Normal structure|osteoclasts]] |
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| ===Pigmentation=== | | ===Pigmentation=== |
| | | |
− | *[[General Pathology - Pigmentation and Calcification#Lipofuscin|'''Lipofuscin''']] | + | *[[Pigmentation and Calcification - Pathology#Lipofuscin|'''Lipofuscin''']] |
| **Wear and tear pigment accumulating in secondary lisosomes -> converted into compact residual bodies | | **Wear and tear pigment accumulating in secondary lisosomes -> converted into compact residual bodies |
| **Due to old age, past or recent cachexia or starvation | | **Due to old age, past or recent cachexia or starvation |
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| **Histologically: | | **Histologically: |
| ***Rounded yellow to brown granules at both poles of nucleus of the skeletal myofiber | | ***Rounded yellow to brown granules at both poles of nucleus of the skeletal myofiber |
− | *[[General Pathology - Pigmentation and Calcification#Melanin|'''Melanin''']] | + | *[[Pigmentation and Calcification - Pathology#Melanin|'''Melanin''']] |
| **As part of congenital melanosis of calves in fascial sheaths and epimysium | | **As part of congenital melanosis of calves in fascial sheaths and epimysium |
| **Grossly - black foci | | **Grossly - black foci |
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| ***[[Dirofilaria immitis|''Dirofilaria immitis'']] arteritis in dogs | | ***[[Dirofilaria immitis|''Dirofilaria immitis'']] arteritis in dogs |
| ***Vasculitis due to [[Reoviridae#Bluetongue Virus|bluetongue virus]] in sheep | | ***Vasculitis due to [[Reoviridae#Bluetongue Virus|bluetongue virus]] in sheep |
− | ***[[General Pathology - Haemorrhage#Purpura haemorrhagica|'''Equine purpura haemorrhagica''']] | + | ***[[Haemorrhage - Pathology#Purpura haemorrhagica|'''Equine purpura haemorrhagica''']] |
| ****Non-contagious, sporadic | | ****Non-contagious, sporadic |
| ****Grossly: | | ****Grossly: |