Changes

   

   

==Description==

==Description==

Gastric dilatation (GD) and Gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) are caused by the stomach distending with air. In GDV the stomach twists around its axis with both conditions leading to compression of the caudal vena cava. GDV can lead to [[Shock - Pathology#Hypovolaemic shock|hypovolaemic shock]], splenic torsion, gastric wall ischaemia, abdominal viscera congestion, [[Shock - Pathology#Endotoxic shock|endotoxic shock]] and [[Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation - Pathology|disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)]]

Gastric dilatation (GD) and Gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) are caused by the stomach distending with air. In GDV the stomach twists around its axis with both conditions leading to compression of the caudal vena cava. GDV can lead to [[Shock - Pathology#Hypovolaemic shock|hypovolaemic shock]], splenic torsion, gastric wall ischaemia, abdominal viscera congestion, [[Shock - Pathology#Endotoxic shock|endotoxic shock]] and [[Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation - Pathology|disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)]]. Risk factors for GDV include age, fast eating, once- daily feeding, aerophagia, raised feeding bowl and a close relative with GDV.

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

*Pallor

*Pallor

*Hypothermia

*Hypothermia

*Cardiac arrythmias ([[Altered Impulse Formations - WikiClinical#2. Ventricular Premature Complexes (VPCs)|ventricular premature beats]], [[Altered Impulse Formations - WikiClinical#1. Ventricular Tachycardia|ventricular tachycardia]])

*Cardiac arrythmias (present in 40% of patients) ([[Altered Impulse Formations - WikiClinical#2. Ventricular Premature Complexes (VPCs)|ventricular premature beats]], [[Altered Impulse Formations - WikiClinical#1. Ventricular Tachycardia|ventricular tachycardia]])

===Haematology===

===Haematology===

*For shock: Prednisolone sodium succinate or dexamethasone sodium phosphate.

*For shock: Prednisolone sodium succinate or dexamethasone sodium phosphate.

*For bacterial translocation and endotoxaemia: Broad spectrum antibiotics (e.g. [[Cephalosporins|cephalosporin]] and a [[Fluoroquinolones|fluoroquinolone]])

*For bacterial translocation and endotoxaemia: Broad spectrum antibiotics (e.g. [[Cephalosporins|cephalosporin]] and a [[Fluoroquinolones|fluoroquinolone]])

*For cardiac arrythmias:

*For cardiac arrythmias: indicated if weakness, sycope, tachycardia runs with R on T complexes, ventricular tachycardia at rates >150bpm. Treated by correcting acid-base, electrolyte and haemostatic disturbances. The treatment is lidocaine by bolus or continuous rate infusion or procainamide if they persist.

===Surgery===

===Surgery===