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The major causes of PLE in adult dogs are [[Inflammatory Bowel Disease - WikiClinical|inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)]], alimentary tract lymphoma, fungal infections (e.g. [[Systemic Mycoses #Histoplasmosis|histoplasmosis]]).  Other causes include ulcerations or erosions, severe disease of intestinal crypts and parasites.  The most common causes in very young dogs are [[Small Animals #Nematodes of Dogs - the HOOKWORMS|hookworms]] and chronic intussusception.  Chronic intussusception results from acute enteritis which has not resolved completely.  The animal shows some clinical improvement but diarrhoea still continues.  PLE is less common in cats than dogs, and most often caused by alimentary tract lymphoma and IBD.  Cats almost never suffer from [[Lymphangiectasia - WikiClinical|lymphangiectasia]], and rarely have severe parasitic infection severe enough to cause PLE.  Non-intestinal diseases can be associated with PLE include ][[Pathophysiology of Heart Failure - Pathology|congestive heart failure]], caval obstruction and portal hypertension.  However, these animals usually present with ascites rather than [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]].

The major causes of PLE in adult dogs are [[Inflammatory Bowel Disease - WikiClinical|inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)]], alimentary tract lymphoma, fungal infections (e.g. [[Systemic Mycoses #Histoplasmosis|histoplasmosis]]).  Other causes include ulcerations or erosions, severe disease of intestinal crypts and parasites.  The most common causes in very young dogs are [[Small Animals #Nematodes of Dogs - the HOOKWORMS|hookworms]] and chronic intussusception.  Chronic intussusception results from acute enteritis which has not resolved completely.  The animal shows some clinical improvement but diarrhoea still continues.  PLE is less common in cats than dogs, and most often caused by alimentary tract lymphoma and IBD.  Cats almost never suffer from [[Lymphangiectasia - WikiClinical|lymphangiectasia]], and rarely have severe parasitic infection severe enough to cause PLE.  Non-intestinal diseases can be associated with PLE include ][[Pathophysiology of Heart Failure - Pathology|congestive heart failure]], caval obstruction and portal hypertension.  However, these animals usually present with ascites rather than [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]].

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

*Thickened intestines

*Thickened intestines

*[[Thrombosis - Pathology #Thromboembolism|Thromboembolic]] disease if procoagulants predominant due to loss of anticoagulant

*[[Thrombosis - Pathology #Thromboembolism|Thromboembolic]] disease if procoagulants predominant due to loss of anticoagulant

===Laboratory Tests===

===Laboratory Tests===

====Other Tests====

====Other Tests====

*Measurement of faecal loss alpha1-protease inhibitor

*Measurement of faecal loss alpha1-protease inhibitor

===Diagnostic Imaging===

===Diagnostic Imaging===

===Histopathology===

===Histopathology===

*Endoscopically-guided multiple biopsies are useful.  Surgical biopsy may be required for a definitive diagnosis of lymphoma and [[Lymphangiectasia - WikiClinical #Description|secondary lymphangiectasia]].  A small fatty meal could be given the night before biopsy to increase the chance of diagnosing [[Lymphangiectasia - WikiClinical|lymphangiectasia]].

*Endoscopically-guided multiple biopsies are useful.  Surgical biopsy may be required for a definitive diagnosis of lymphoma and [[Lymphangiectasia - WikiClinical #Description|secondary lymphangiectasia]].  A small fatty meal could be given the night before biopsy to increase the chance of diagnosing [[Lymphangiectasia - WikiClinical|lymphangiectasia]].

==Treatment==

==Treatment==