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Non-pregnant female reproductive physiology quiz (view source)
Revision as of 17:12, 5 November 2009
, 17:12, 5 November 2009no edit summary
{{QuizCat|topic=Anatomy|topicsubcategory=N|system=Reproductive|systemsubcategory=N}}
{{QuizCat|topic=Anatomy|topicsubcategory=N|system=Reproductive|systemsubcategory=N}}
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="1"
question="Which single cell in the female is haploid?"
choice2="Secondary oocyte"
choice1="Primary oocyte"
choice5="Oogonium"
choice4="Zygote"
choice3="Blastomere"
correctchoice="2"
feedback2="'''Correct!''' A secondary oocyte is formed when a primary oocyte undergoes meiosis, therefore it has half the number of chromosomes making it haploid. [[Fertilisation%2C Implantation and Early Embryonic Development -Embryonic Development of the Blastocyst- Anatomy & Physiology#Pre-Implantation Development|WikiVet Article: embryonic development of the blastocyst]]."
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' A primary oocyte is formed when a diploid oogonium undergoes mitosis, thereby creating cells with a full complement of chromosomes i.e. diploid cells. A secondary oocyte is formed when a primary oocyte undergoes meiosis, therefore it has half the number of chromosomes making it haploid. [[Fertilisation%2C Implantation and Early Embryonic Development -Embryonic Development of the Blastocyst- Anatomy & Physiology#Pre-Implantation Development|WikiVet Article: embryonic development of the blastocyst]]."
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' An oogonium is produced when a primordial germ cell (which is diploid) undergoes mitosis thereby creating cells with a full complement of chromosomes i.e. diploid cells. A secondary oocyte is formed when a primary oocyte undergoes meiosis, therefore it has half the number of chromosomes making it haploid. [[Fertilisation%2C Implantation and Early Embryonic Development -Embryonic Development of the Blastocyst- Anatomy & Physiology#Pre-Implantation Development|WikiVet Article: embryonic development of the blastocyst]]"
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' A zygote is formed when the male and female pronuclei fuse resulting in a single diploid nucleus. A secondary oocyte is formed when a primary oocyte undergoes meiosis, therefore it has half the number of chromosomes making it haploid. [[Fertilisation%2C Implantation and Early Embryonic Development -Embryonic Development of the Blastocyst- Anatomy & Physiology#Pre-Implantation Development|WikiVet Article: embryonic development of the blastocyst]]."
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' A blastomere is formed when the zygote undergoes mitosis thereby creating cells with a full complement of chromosomes i.e. diploid cells. A secondary oocyte is formed when a primary oocyte undergoes meiosis, therefore it has half the number of chromosomes making it haploid. [[Fertilisation%2C Implantation and Early Embryonic Development -Embryonic Development of the Blastocyst- Anatomy & Physiology#Pre-Implantation Development|WikiVet Article: embryonic development of the blastocyst]]."
image= "">
</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="2"
question="Which hormone causes luteolysis in ruminants?"
choice5="Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)"
choice3="Oxytocin"
choice4="Prolactin"
choice1="Oestrogen"
choice2="Progesterone"
correctchoice="5"
feedback5="'''Correct!''' PGF2α from the endometrium is transported to the ipsilateral ovary through a vascular counter-current exchange mechanism. This ensures a high proportion of PGF2α produced by the uterine glands will be transported directly to the ovary and corpus luteum without dilution in the systemic circulation, thereby causing luteolysis. [[The Ovary - Corpus Luteum Regression- Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: luteolysis]]."
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' In addition to allowing milk let-down and promoting uterine contractions, oxytocin works along with oestrogen to induce endometrial production of prostaglandin F2α resulting in luteolysis. [[Endocrine System - Ovaries - Anatomy & PhysiologyThe Ovary - Corpus Luteum Regression- Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: luteolysis]]."
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Prolactin acts on mammary secretory epithelial cells to stimulate synthesis of milk proteins. It is released during suckling and in response to the rise in oestrogen and glucocorticoids in parturition. PGF2α from the endometrium is transported to the ipsilateral ovary through a vascular counter-current exchange mechanism. This ensures a high proportion of PGF2α produced by the uterine glands will be transported directly to the ovary and corpus luteum without dilution in the systemic circulation, thereby causing luteolysis. [[Lactation - Endocrine Control - Anatomy & Physiology#Mammogenesis The Ovary - Corpus Luteum Regression- Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: luteolysis]]."
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Oestrogen promotes development of mammary tissue and is vital for thickening of the endometrium prior to implantation. Oestrogens regulate the oestrus cycle. PGF2α from the endometrium is transported to the ipsilateral ovary through a vascular counter-current exchange mechanism. This ensures a high proportion of PGF2α produced by the uterine glands will be transported directly to the ovary and corpus luteum without dilution in the systemic circulation, thereby causing luteolysis. [[Endocrine System - Ovaries - Anatomy & PhysiologyThe Ovary - Corpus Luteum Regression- Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: luteolysis]]."
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Progesterone converts the endometrium to its secretory stage to prepare for implantation, reduces the immune response within the uterus to allow for acceptance of the conceptus, and decreases contractility of the smooth muscle. PGF2α from the endometrium is transported to the ipsilateral ovary through a vascular counter-current exchange mechanism. This ensures a high proportion of PGF2α produced by the uterine glands will be transported directly to the ovary and corpus luteum without dilution in the systemic circulation, thereby causing luteolysis. [[Endocrine System - Ovaries - Anatomy & PhysiologyThe Ovary - Corpus Luteum Regression- Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: luteolysis]]."
image= "">
</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="3"
question="In the mare, how will melatonin and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) production change as daylight increases?"
choice3="Decreased secretion of melatonin from the pineal gland and increased GnRH from the hypothalamus."
choice5="Decreased secretion of melatonin from the pineal gland and decreased GnRH from the hypothalamus."
choice2="Increased secretion of melatonin from the pineal gland and decreased GnRH from the hypothalmus."
choice4="Decreased secretion of melatonin from the pineal gland and decreased secretion of GnRH from the pituitary gland."
choice1="Increased secretion of melatonin from the pineal gland and increased GnRH from the hypothalamus."
correctchoice="3"
feedback3="'''Correct!''' Increased light leads to increased retinal firing and in turn increased firing of the nerves of the cranial cervical ganglia. This has an inhibitory effect on the pineal gland which secretes melatonin. Melatonin has an inhibitory effect on the hypothalamus (in long day breeders, as opposed to short day breeders) therefore less melatonin is released leading to more GnRH and therefore more FSH and LH from the pituitary thereby inducing ovulation. [[Pineal Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: pineal gland]]."
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Increased light leads to increased retinal firing and in turn increased firing of the nerves of the cranial cervical ganglia. This has an inhibitory effect on the pineal gland which secretes melatonin. Melatonin has an inhibitory effect on the hypothalamus (in long day breeders, as opposed to short day breeders) therefore less melatonin is released leading to more GnRH and therefore more FSH and LH from the pituitary thereby inducing ovulation. [[Pineal Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: pineal gland]]."
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Increased light leads to increased retinal firing and in turn increased firing of the nerves of the cranial cervical ganglia. This has an inhibitory effect on the pineal gland which secretes melatonin. Melatonin has an inhibitory effect on the hypothalamus (in long day breeders, as opposed to short day breeders) therefore less melatonin is released leading to more GnRH and therefore more FSH and LH from the pituitary thereby inducing ovulation. [[Pineal Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: pineal gland]]."
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Increased light leads to increased retinal firing and in turn increased firing of the nerves of the cranial cervical ganglia. This has an inhibitory effect on the pineal gland which secretes melatonin. Melatonin has an inhibitory effect on the hypothalamus (in long day breeders, as opposed to short day breeders) therefore less melatonin is released leading to more GnRH and therefore more FSH and LH from the pituitary thereby inducing ovulation. [[Pineal Gland - Anatomy & Physiology |WikiVet Article: pineal gland]]."
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Increased light leads to increased retinal firing and in turn increased firing of the nerves of the cranial cervical ganglia. This has an inhibitory effect on the pineal gland which secretes melatonin. Melatonin has an inhibitory effect on the hypothalamus (in long day breeders, as opposed to short day breeders) therefore less melatonin is released leading to more GnRH and therefore more FSH and LH from the pituitary thereby inducing ovulation. [[Pineal Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: pineal gland]]."
image= "">
</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="4"
question="Which hormone is produced by the endometrium?"
choice5="Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)"
choice3="Oxytocin"
choice4="Prolactin"
choice1="Oestrogen"
choice2="Progesterone"
correctchoice="5"
feedback5="'''Correct!''' In response to increasing amounts of oxytocin production by the corpus luteum during the luteal phase the endometrium produces luteolytic PGF2α to cause degeneration of the corpus luteum if the female is not pregnant. [[Female Reproductive Tract -The Uterus - Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: the uterus]]."
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Oxytocin is produced by the corpus luteum during the luteal phase and the endometrium responds by producing luteolytic prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) to cause degeneration of the corpus luteum if the female is not pregnant. [[Female Reproductive Tract -The Uterus - Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: the uterus]]."
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Prolactin is produced by the lactoroph cells of the anterior pituitary. In response to increasing amounts of oxytocin production by the corpus luteum during the luteal phase, the endometrium produces luteolytic prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) to cause degeneration of the corpus luteum if the female is not pregnant. [[Female Reproductive Tract -The Uterus - Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: the uterus]]."
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Oestrogen is produced by the granulosa cells of the follicle and the placenta. In response to increasing amounts of oxytocin production by the corpus luteum during the luteal phase, the endometrium produces luteolytic prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) to cause degeneration of the corpus luteum if the female is not pregnant. [[Female Reproductive Tract -The Uterus - Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: the uterus]]."
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum and later on by the placenta. In response to increasing amounts of oxytocin production by the corpus luteum during the luteal phase, the endometrium produces luteolytic prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) to cause degeneration of the corpus luteum if the female is not pregnant. [[Female Reproductive Tract -The Uterus - Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: the uterus]]."
image= "">
</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="5"
question="What is the average length of the oestrous cycle in the cow?"
choice2="21 days"
choice1="20 days"
choice5="17 days"
choice3="28 days"
choice4="36 days"
correctchoice="2"
feedback2="'''Correct!''' In cows, the average length of the oestrous cycle is 21 days (18-24). In heifers, the average length of the oestrous cycle is 20 days (18-22). [[Female Reproductive Tract -Oestrous Cycle - Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: oestrous cycle]]."
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' In heifers, the average length of the oestrous cycle is 20 days (18-22). In cows, the average length of the oestrous cycle is 21 days (18-24). [[Female Reproductive Tract -Oestrous Cycle - Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: oestrous cycle]]."
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' In ewes the average length of the oestrous cycle is about 17 days. In cows, the average length of the oestrous cycle is 21 days (18-24). [[Female Reproductive Tract -Oestrous Cycle - Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: oestrous cycle]]."
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' In cows, the average length of the oestrous cycle is 21 days (18-24). [[Female Reproductive Tract -Oestrous Cycle - Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: oestrous cycle]]."
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' In cows, the average length of the oestrous cycle is 21 days (18-24). [[Female Reproductive Tract -Oestrous Cycle - Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: oestrous cycle]]."
image= "">
</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="6"
question="What is the average length of the oestrous cycle in the ewe?"
choice3="17 days"
choice5="21 days"
choice1="28 days"
choice2="36 days"
choice4="93 days"
correctchoice="3"
feedback3="'''Correct!''' In the ewe, the average length of the oestrous cycle is 17 days. [[Female Reproductive Tract -Oestrous Cycle - Anatomy & Physiology#Oestrous Cycle 3|WikiVet Article: oestrous cycle]]."
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' The oestrous cycle is 21 days in the mare, sow and cow. In the ewe, the average length of the oestrous cycle is 17 days. [[Female Reproductive Tract -Oestrous Cycle - Anatomy & Physiology#Oestrous Cycle 3|WikiVet Article: oestrous cycle]]."
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' In the ewe, the average length of the oestrous cycle is 17 days. [[Female Reproductive Tract -Oestrous Cycle - Anatomy & Physiology#Oestrous Cycle 3|WikiVet Article: oestrous cycle]]."
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' In the ewe, the average length of the oestrous cycle is 17 days. [[Female Reproductive Tract -Oestrous Cycle - Anatomy & Physiology#Oestrous Cycle 3|WikiVet Article: oestrous cycle]]."
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' The oestrous cycle is on average 93 days in the bitch. In the ewe, the average length of the oestrous cycle is 17 days. [[Female Reproductive Tract -Oestrous Cycle - Anatomy & Physiology#Oestrous Cycle 3|WikiVet Article: oestrous cycle]]."
image= "">
</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="7"
question="Which species is a short day breeder?"
choice3="Sheep"
choice2="Dog"
choice5="Horse"
choice4="Cow"
choice1="Cat"
correctchoice="3"
feedback3="'''Correct!''' Sheep start cycling in response to a decreasing photoperiod usually at the end of summer or beginning of autumn. [[Female Reproductive Tract -Seasonality of Reproduction - Anatomy & Physiology#Long day breeders|WikiVet Article: seasonality of reproduction]]."
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Seasonality does not affect reproductive cycling in dogs. Sheep are short day breeders, they start cycling in response to a decreasing photoperiod usually at the end of summer or beginning of autumn. [[Female Reproductive Tract -Seasonality of Reproduction - Anatomy & Physiology#Long day breeders|WikiVet Article: seasonality of reproduction]]."
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Horses are long day breeders so they start cycling as the photoperiod increases, in the northern hemisphere this occurs in April - June. This photoperiod can be manipulated to alter the timing of the breeding system which is particularly important in producing foals for the racing industry. Racehorses run from the age of two years old, with the age of the horse being measured from the 1st of January. Producing horses born as close to the 1st of January as possible gives them a performance advantage when racing. Sheep are short day breeders, they start cycling in response to a decreasing photoperiod usually at the end of summer or beginning of autumn. [[Female Reproductive Tract -Seasonality of Reproduction - Anatomy & Physiology#Long day breeders|WikiVet Article: seasonality of reproduction]]."
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Seasonality does not affect reproductive cycling in cattle. Sheep are short day breeders, they start cycling in response to a decreasing photoperiod usually at the end of summer or beginning of autumn. [[Female Reproductive Tract -Seasonality of Reproduction - Anatomy & Physiology#Long day breeders|WikiVet Article: seasonality of reproduction]]."
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Cats are seasonally polyoestrus. Sheep are short day breeders, they start cycling in response to a decreasing photoperiod usually at the end of summer or beginning of autumn. [[Female Reproductive Tract -Seasonality of Reproduction - Anatomy & Physiology#Long day breeders|WikiVet Article: seasonality of reproduction]]."
image= "">
</WikiQuiz>