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Non-infectious Female Reproductive Pathology Quiz (view source)
Revision as of 10:52, 10 November 2009
, 10:52, 10 November 2009New page: {{toplink |linkpage =WikiQuiz |linktext = WikiQuiz |pagetype=Quiz |Review= '''Peter G.G. Jackson''' BVM&S, MA, DVM&S, FRCVS <br> '''David Bainbridge''', VetMB MA PhD MRCVS <br> '''David K...
{{toplink
|linkpage =WikiQuiz
|linktext = WikiQuiz
|pagetype=Quiz
|Review= '''Peter G.G. Jackson''' BVM&S, MA, DVM&S, FRCVS <br> '''David Bainbridge''', VetMB MA PhD MRCVS <br> '''David Kilroy''' MVB CVMA MRCVS}}
{{QuizCat|topic=Pathology|topicsubcategory=I|system=Reproductive|systemsubcategory=I}}
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="1"
question="Broadly speaking, what is the definition of the term intersex?"
choice2="A developmental abnormality resulting in discordance between genetic, gonadal or phenotypic sex"
choice5="An individual possessing gonads of both sexes"
choice4="An individual possessing gonads of one sex and the ducts and external genitalia of the opposite sex"
choice1="An individual with a XY genotype with testosterone producing but sterile gonads"
choice3="An individual which behaves like a male and may mount but has a sub anal genital opening"
correctchoice="2"
feedback2="'''Correct!'''A developmental abnormality resulting in discordance between genetic, gonadal or phenotypic sexin called intersex, it includes true hermaphrodites, pseudohermaphrodites and other forms of sex reversal. [[Reproductive Embryology Anomalies - Pathology|WikiVet Article: Development anomalies ]]"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' An individual possessing gonads of both sexes is called a true hermaphrodite. This is a type of intersex but does not describe the term intersex. The correct answer is a developmental abnormality resulting in a discordance between genetic, gonadal or phenotypic sexin called intersex, it includes true hermaphrodites, pseudohermaphrodites and other forms of sex reversal. [[Reproductive Embryology Anomalies - Pathology|WikiVet Article: Development anomalies]]"
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' An individual possessing gonads of one sex and the ducts and external genitalia of the opposite sex is called a pseudohermaphrodite.This is a type of intersex but does not describe the term intersex. The correct answer is a developmental abnormality resulting in a discordance between genetic, gonadal or phenotypic sexin called intersex, it includes true hermaphrodites, pseudohermaphrodites and other forms of sex reversal. [[Reproductive Embryology Anomalies - Pathology|WikiVet Article: Development anomalies]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' An individual with a XY genotype with testosterone producing but sterile gonads has testicular feminisation which occurs in male pseudohermaphrodites. The sterile gonads are internal andthere is female external genitalia. This condition affects horses, it is a type of intersex but does not describe the term intersex. The correct answer is a developmental abnormality resulting in a discordance between genetic, gonadal or phenotypic sexin called intersex, it includes true hermaphrodites, pseudohermaphrodites and other forms of sex reversal. [[Reproductive Embryology Anomalies - Pathology|WikiVet Article: Development anomalies]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' An individual which is a male pseudohermaphrodite may behave like a male and may mount but has a sub anal genital opening, as well as a prominent clitoris. This is a type of intersex but does not describe the term intersex. The correct answer is a developmental abnormality resulting in a discordance between genetic, gonadal or phenotypic sexin called intersex, it includes true hermaphrodites, pseudohermaphrodites and other forms of sex reversal. [[Reproductive Embryology Anomalies - Pathology|WikiVet Article: Development anomalies]]"
image= "">
</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="2"
question="Which of the following neoplasias affecting the ovary is of germ cell origin?"
choice2="Teratoma"
choice5="Adenocarcinoma"
choice3="Granulosa cell tumour"
choice4="Cyst adenoma"
choice1="Thecal cell tumour"
correctchoice="2"
feedback2="'''Correct!''' A teratoma is of germ cell origin. It is a kind of tumour with a tissue or organ components resembling normal derivatives of all three germ layers. Teratomas have been reported to contain hair, teeth, bone and more rarely complex organs such as an eyeball. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF OVARIES http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/teratoma|WikiVet Article: Ovarian neoplasia. Link to relevant webpage: Teratoma]]"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Adenocarcinoma is not of germ cell origin. The correct answer is teratoma is of germ cell origin. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF OVARIES|WikiVet Article: Ovarian neoplasia]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Granulosa cell tumour is not of germ cell origin. The correct answer is teratoma is of germ cell origin. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF OVARIES|WikiVet Article: Ovarian neoplasia ]]"
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Cyst adenoma is not of germ cell origin. The correct answer is teratoma is of germ cell origin. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF OVARIES|WikiVet Article: Ovarian neoplasia ]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Thecal cell tumour is not of germ cell origin. The correct answer is teratoma is of germ cell origin. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF OVARIES|WikiVet Article: Ovarian neoplasia ]]"
image= "">
</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="3"
question="What is/are the aetiological factor(s) involved with the canine pyometra complex?"
choice1="Cystic endometrial hyperplasia complicated by bacterial infection"
choice4="Cystic endometrial hyperplasia"
choice2="A post partum bacterial infection of the uterus"
choice3="Persistent corpus luteum complicated by a bacterial infection"
choice5="Cystic endometrial hyperplasia complicated by a closed cervix"
correctchoice="1"
feedback1="'''Correct!''' Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) is seen in metoestrus in the dog. Periods of oestrogen stimulation of the uterus followed by progesterone dominance results in endometrial proliferation, uterine glandular secretions and decreased myometrial contractions. This makes the uterus more susceptible to infection, and infection with bacteria such as E-coli leads to a pyometra. Bitches with pyometra may present either with a vaginal discharge present (open-cervix pyometra) or without a vaginal discharge (closed-cervix pyometra).In the bitch it tends to occur in older animals, usually >3 years old which have not bred and are usually in luteal phase;4 weeks to 4 months post oestrus. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF THE NON-PREGNANT UTERUS |WikiVet Article: Cystic endometrial hyperplasia]]"
feedback4="''''Incorrect.''' Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) alone does not cause pyometra. The correct answer is that cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) complicated by a bacterial infection are the aetiological factors in the pyometra complex. CEH is seen in metoestrus in the dog; periods of oestrogen stimulation of the uterus followed by progesterone dominance results in endometrial proliferation, uterine glandular secretions and decreased myometrial contractions. However, although this makes the uterus more susceptible to infection, and infection with bacteria such as E-coli can lead to a pyometra; CEH can also lead to a mucometra, with no bacterial infection. Bitches with pyometra may present either with a vaginal discharge present (open-cervix pyometra) or without a vaginal discharge (closed-cervix pyometra). In the bitch it tends to occur in older animals, usually >3 years old which have not bred and are usually in luteal phase;4 weeks to 4 months post oestrus. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF THE NON-PREGNANT UTERUS |WikiVet Article: Cystic endometrial hyperplasia]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Post partum, bitches can be susceptible to a post partum metritis, particularly if it was not a smooth whelping. However, pyometra is most typical in animals which have not been bred. The correct answer is that cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) complicated by a bacterial infection are the aetiological factors in the pyometra complex. CEH occurs in metoestrus in the bitch. Periods of oestrogen stimulation of the uterus followed by progesterone dominance results in endometrial proliferation, uterine glandular secretions and decreased myometrial contractions. This makes the uterus more susceptible to infection, and infection with bacteria such as E-coli leads to a pyometra. Bitches with pyometra may present either with a vaginal discharge present (open-cervix pyometra) or without a vaginal discharge (closed-cervix pyometra). In the bitch it tends to occur in older animals, usually >3 years old which have not bred and are usually in luteal phase; 4 weeks to 4 months post oestrus. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF THE NON-PREGNANT UTERUS |WikiVet Article: Cystic endometrial hyperplasia]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' In the cow, metritis may be associated with a persistent corpus luteum as the uterus is susceptible to infection, but this is not the case with canine pyometra although the canine corpus lutea are normally present for nine weeks post oestrus . The correct answer is that cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) complicated by a bacterial infection are the aetiological factors in the pyometra complex. CEH occurs in metoestrus in the bitch. Periods of oestrogen stimulation of the uterus followed by progesterone dominance results in endometrial proliferation, uterine glandular secretions and decreased myometrial contractions. This makes the uterus more susceptible to infection, and infection with bacteria such as E-coli leads to a pyometra. Bitches with pyometra may present either with a vaginal discharge present (open-cervix pyometra) or without a vaginal discharge (closed-cervix pyometra). In the bitch it tends to occur in older animals, usually >3 years old which have not bred and are usually in luteal phase; 4 weeks to 4 months post oestrus. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF THE NON-PREGNANT UTERUS |WikiVet Article: Cystic endometrial hyperplasia]]"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Remember that pyometra can be open-cervix or closed-cervix. Whilst open cervix pyometra is the most common, these dogs may appear relatively healthy apart from a vaginal discharge. In contrast, closed cervix pyometra is one of the most common veterinary emergencies. The correct answer is that cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) complicated by a bacterial infection are the aetiological factors in the pyometra complex. CEH occurs in metoestrus in the bitch; periods of oestrogen stimulation of the uterus followed by progesterone dominance results in endometrial proliferation, uterine glandular secretions and decreased myometrial contractions. This makes the uterus more susceptible to infection, and infection with bacteria such as E-coli leads to a pyometra. Bitches with pyometra may present either with a vaginal discharge present (open-cervix pyometra) or without a vaginal discharge (closed-cervix pyometra). In the bitch it tends to occur in older animals, usually >3 years old which have not bred and are usually in luteal phase; 4 weeks to 4 months post oestrus. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF THE NON-PREGNANT UTERUS |WikiVet Article: Cystic endometrial hyperplasia]]"
image= "">
</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="4"
question="In which species is uterine leiomyoma most common?"
choice4="Dog"
choice5="Cat"
choice3="Cow"
choice2="Sheep"
choice1="Horse"
correctchoice="4"
feedback4="'''Correct!''' Uterine leiomyoma is most common in the bitch. It may consist of multiple, firm, white nodules and it may also affect the cervix and vagina. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF THE NON-PREGNANT UTERUS|WikiVet Article: Uterine neoplasia]]"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Uterine leiomyoma is not common in the cat. The correct answer is uterine leiomyoma is most common in the bitch. It may consist of multiple, firm, white nodules and it may also affect the cervix and vagina. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF THE NON-PREGNANT UTERUS|WikiVet Article: Uterine neoplasia]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Uterine leiomyoma is not common in the cow, although uterine carcinoma is a relatively common incidental finding at slaughter, and secondary lymphosacrcoma of the uterus is also seen in the cow. The correct answer is uterine leiomyoma is most common in the bitch. It may consist of multiple, firm, white nodules and it may also affect the cervix and vagina. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF THE NON-PREGNANT UTERUS|WikiVet Article: Uterine neoplasia ]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Uterine leiomyoma is not common in the sheep. The correct answer is uterine leiomyoma is most common in the bitch. It may consist of multiple, firm, white nodules an it may also affect the cervix and vagina. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF THE NON-PREGNANT UTERUS |WikiVet Article: Uterine neoplasia]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Uterine leiomyoma is not common in the horse. The correct answer is uterine leiomyoma is most common in the bitch. It may consist of multiple, firm, white nodules and it may also affect the cervix and vagina. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF THE NON-PREGNANT UTERUS|WikiVet Article: Uterine neoplasia]]"
image= "">
</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="5"
question="Which of the following may predispose to uterine torsion?"
choice5="Uterine instability"
choice3="Parturition"
choice1="Hypocalcaemia"
choice4="Prolonged dystocia"
choice2="Iatrogenic causes"
correctchoice="5"
feedback5="'''Correct!''' Uterine instability may predispose to uterine torsion especially in cattle where the fetus occupies one uterine horn.A sudden movement or fall may initiate the torsion. The sequelae to torsion are congestion, oedema, foetal death, uterine rupture and shock. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF THE NON-PREGNANT UTERUS|WikiVet Article: Uterine torsion ]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Parturition tends to predispose a prolapse of the uterus. The correct answer is that uterine instability may predispose to uterine torsion; especially in cattle where the fetus occupies one uterine horn.A sudden movement or fall may initiate the torsion.The sequelae to torsion are congestion, oedema, foetal death, uterine rupture and shock. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF THE NON-PREGNANT UTERUS|WikiVet Article: Uterine torsion]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' It is prolapse that tends to occur secondary to hypocalcaemia not torsion. The correct answer is that uterine instability may predispose to uterine torsion; especially in cattle where the fetus occupies one uterine horn.A sudden movement or fall may initiate the torsion.The sequelae to torsion are congestion, oedema, foetal death, uterine rupture and shock. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF THE NON-PREGNANT UTERUS|WikiVet Article: Uterine torsion]]"
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Prolonged dystocia may predispose to rupture of the uterus rather than torsion. The correct answer is that uterine instability may predispose to uterine torsion; especially in cattle where the fetus occupies one uterine horn.A sudden movement or fall may initiate the torsion. The sequelae to torsion are congestion, oedema, foetal death, uterine rupture and shock. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF THE NON-PREGNANT UTERUS|WikiVet Article: Uterine torsion ]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Iatrogenic causes, eg giving oxytocin in a case of dystocia may result in a rupture of the uterus rather than a torsion. The correct answer is that uterine instability may predispose to uterine torsion; especially in cattle where the fetus occupies one uterine horn.A sudden movement or fall may initiate the torsion. The sequelae to torsion are congestion, oedema, foetal death, uterine rupture and shock. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF THE NON-PREGNANT UTERUS|WikiVet Article: Uterine torsion ]]"
image= "">
</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="6"
question="In which species is vaginal prolapse most common?"
choice4="Sheep"
choice1="Cow"
choice2="Horse"
choice3="Pig"
choice5="Dog"
correctchoice="4"
feedback4="'''Correct!''' Vaginal prolapse is common in ewes during late pregnancy. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#PATHOLOGY OF THE VAGINA AND VULVA|WikiVet Article: Vagina]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Vaginal prolapse is not commonly seen in the cow, although uterine prolapse is not uncommon post - partum. The correct answer is vaginal prolapse is common in ewes during late pregnancy. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#PATHOLOGY OF THE VAGINA AND VULVA|WikiVet Article: Vagina]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Vaginal prolapse is not commonly seen in the horse. The correct answer is vaginal prolapse is common in ewes during late pregnancy. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#PATHOLOGY OF THE VAGINA AND VULVA|WikiVet Article: Vagina]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Vaginal prolapse is not commonly seen in the pig although cases may be seen in older multiparous sows. The correct answer is vaginal prolapse is common in ewes during late pregnancy. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#PATHOLOGY OF THE VAGINA AND VULVA|WikiVet Article: Vagina]]"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' True vaginal prolapse is rare in bitches.Vaginal hypertrophy associated with oestrus may cause an apparent prolapsewhich usually regresses post oestrus."
image= "">
</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="8"
question="Which if these is NOT a normal defense mechanism of the uterus?"
choice2="Endometrial atrophy"
choice5="Closed cervix"
choice4="Mucous secretions"
choice3="Leucocytosis of oestrus"
choice1="Oestrogen levels"
correctchoice="2"
feedback2="'''Correct!''' Endometrial atrophy due to loss of ovarian function is a pathological endometrial growth change not a defense mechanism. It occurs secondary to hypopituitarism and normally during anoestrus in mares. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF THE NON-PREGNANT UTERUS|WikiVet Article: Uterus defense]]"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' A closed cervix except at oestrus and post partum is a normal defense mechanism of the uterus. The correct answer is that endometrial atrophy due to loss of ovarian function is a pathological endometrial growth change not a defense mechanism. It occurs secondary to hypopituitarism and normally during anoestrus in mares. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF THE NON-PREGNANT UTERUS|WikiVet Article: Uterus defense]]"
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Mucous secretions are a normal defense mechanism of the uterus. The correct answer is that endometrial atrophy due to loss of ovarian function is a pathological endometrial growth change not a defense mechanism. It occurs secondary to hypopituitarism and normally during anoestrus in mares. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF THE NON-PREGNANT UTERUS|WikiVet Article: Uterus defense]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Leucocytosis of oestrus is a normal defense mechanism of the uterus. The correct answer is that endometrial atrophy due to loss of ovarian function is a pathological endometrial growth change not a defense mechanism. It occurs secondary to hypopituitarism and normally during anoestrus in mares. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF THE NON-PREGNANT UTERUS|WikiVet Article: Uterus defense]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Oestrogen levels at oestrus render the uterus unsuitable for the growth of certain organisms, this is a normal defense mechanism of the uterus. The correct answer is that endometrial atrophy due to loss of ovarian function is a pathological endometrial growth change not a defense mechanism. It occurs secondary to hypopituitarism and normally during anoestrus in mares. [[Reproductive Female - Pathology#ACQUIRED PATHOLOGY OF THE NON-PREGNANT UTERUS|WikiVet Article: Uterus defense]]"
image= "">
</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="8"
question="Which of the following is NOT a normal change seen in pregnancy?"
choice5="Maceration and emphysema"
choice1="Calcified yolk sac remnants"
choice2="Placental mineralisation"
choice3="Amniotic plaques"
choice4="Hippomanes"
correctchoice="5"
feedback5="'''Correct!''' Maceration and emphysema is not a normal feature of pregnancy. It occurs as a result of uterine infection early in pregnancy and there will be expulsion of the foetus. Endometritis or pyometra may also be present.[[Reproductive Female Pregnant - Pathology#PATHOLOGY OF THE PREGNANT UTERUS|WikiVet Article: pregnancy]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Calcified yolk sac remnants are a normal structure found during pregnancy. The correct answer is maceration and emphysema is not a normal feature of pregnancy. It occurs as a result of uterine infection early in pregnancy and there will be expulsion of the foetus. Endometritis or pyometra may also be present. [[Reproductive Female Pregnant - Pathology#PATHOLOGY OF THE PREGNANT UTERUS|WikiVet Article: pregnancy ]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Placental mineralisation is a normal occurrence during pregnancy. It is a milky deposition of calcium during mid-pregnancy which is seen as small bony plaques in the allantochorion. The correct answer is maceration and emphysema is not a normal feature of pregnancy. It occurs as a result of uterine infection early in pregnancy and there will be expulsion of the foetus. Endometritis or pyometra may also be present. [[Reproductive Female Pregnant - Pathology#PATHOLOGY OF THE PREGNANT UTERUS|WikiVet Article: pregnancy]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Amniotic plaques are a normal structure found during pregnancy, they are 2-4 mm plaques of squamous epithelium. The correct answer is maceration and emphysema is not a normal feature of pregnancy. It occurs as a result of uterine infection early in pregnancy and there will be expulsion of the foetus. Endometritis or pyometra may also be present. [[Reproductive Female Pregnant - Pathology#PATHOLOGY OF THE PREGNANT UTERUS|WikiVet Article: pregnancy]]"
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Hippomanes are a normal structure found during pregnancy in the mare. Their source and function is unclear but they could be remnants of allantochorion or accumulation of foetal waste. The correct answer is maceration and emphysema is not a normal feature of pregnancy. It occurs as a result of uterine infection early in pregnancy and there will be expulsion of the foetus. Endometritis or pyometra may also be present. [[Reproductive Female Pregnant - Pathology#PATHOLOGY OF THE PREGNANT UTERUS|WikiVet Article: pregnancy ]]"
image= "">
</WikiQuiz>