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Immunoglobulins Flashcards (view source)
Revision as of 11:12, 20 February 2010
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{{toplink
{{toplink
|linkpage =Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood
|linkpage =Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood
|linktext =IMMUNOGLOBULINS
|linktext =IMMUNOGLOBULINS
|pagetype =Blood
|pagetype =Blood
}}
}}
===Immunoglobulins Structure and Function===
==<font color="purple">Immunoglobulins Structure and Function</font>==
<FlashCard questions="8">
|q1=What are immunoglobulins also known as?
|a1=Antibodies
|l1=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Introduction
|q2=How many domains does the heavy chain have?
|-
|a2=
|<big>'''What are immunoglobulins also known as?'''
*1 variable domain
*3 or 4 constant domains
*'''''Antibodies'''''
|l2=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|q3=How many domains does the light chain have?
|a3=
*1 variable domain
||<font color="white"> <big>
*1 constant domain
|l3=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure
*'''''3 or 4 constant domains'''''
|q4=What are hypervariable domains?
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|a4=
|-
*Folded pockets of the variable domain into which antibody can bind
*Different antibodies have different amino acid sequences within the three variable domains
|l4=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure
*'''''1 variable domain'''''
|q5=What does Fab stand for and from which chain is it generated?
|a5=
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
*Fragment associated with antigen binding
|-
*Light chain
|l5=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure
||<font color="white"> <big>
|q6=What does Fc stand for and from which chain is it generated?
*'''''Folded pockets of the variable domain into which antibody can bind'''''
|a6=
*Constant fragment
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
*Heavy chain
|-
|l6=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure
|q7=What does the Fc fragment do?
||<font color="white"> <big>
|a7=Mediates phagocytosis
*'''''Fragment associated with antigen binding'''''
*Triggers inflammation
*'''''Light chain'''''
*Targets Ig to certain tissues
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|l7=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure
|q8=What are the four major effects of antibodies?
|a8=
||<font color="white"> <big>
*Blockage and agglutination
*Promotion of phagocytosis
*Degranulation of mast cells/eosinophils
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
*Complement Fixation
|-
|l8=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Function
|<big>'''What does the Fc fragment do?'''
</FlashCard>
||<font color="white"> <big>
===Classes of Immunoglobulin===
*'''''Mediates phagocytosis'''''
<FlashCard questions="14">
*'''''Triggers inflammation'''''
|q1=How do the five classes of immunoglobulins vary from each other?
|a1=They each have a different composition to their heavy chains
|l1=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Classes
|q2=IgA is specially adapted for function at which type of surface?
|a2=Mucosal surfaces
||<font color="white"> <big>
|l2=Immunoglobulin A - WikiBlood
*'''''Blockage and agglutination'''''
|q3=True or False: IgA is a monomer
*'''''Promotion of phagocytosis'''''
|a3=
*'''''Degranulation of mast cells/eosinophils'''''
*False
*IgA is a dimer
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|l3=Immunoglobulin A - WikiBlood#Structure
|}
|q4=What are the functions of IgA?
|a4=
*Prevents agents from adhering to the epithelial surfaces as it binds to foreign antigen
==<font color="purple">Classes of Immunoglobulin</font>==
*Resists proteolytic digestion so can function in the gut
*Does not activate the complement system so helps to preserve mucosal integrity
|l4=Immunoglobulin A - WikiBlood#Function
|q5=In which species has IgD been identified?
|a5=
|-
*Ruminants
|<big>'''How do the five classes of immunoglobulins vary from each other?'''
*Pigs
||<font color="white"> <big>
*Dogs
*'''''They each have a different composition to their heavy chains'''''
*Rodents
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Classes|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|l5=Immunoglobulin D - WikiBlood#Function
|q6=What is the main function of IgD?
|<big>'''IgA is specially adapted for function at which type of surface?'''
|a6=Helps B cell development
||<font color="white"> <big>
|l6=Immunoglobulin D - WikiBlood#Function
|q7=True or False: IgE is not a soluble antibody?
|a7=True
|-
|l7=Immunoglobulin E - WikiBlood
|q8=What are the functions of IgE?
||<font color="white"> <big>
|a8=
*Triggers acute inflammation by causing degranulation
*Involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions
*Involved in producing immunity to parasitic worms and nematode parasites
|l8=Immunoglobulin E - WikiBlood#Function
|q9=True or False: IgG is the smallest antibody and can easily leave the plasma and enter tissue?
||<font color="white"> <big>
|a9=True
*'''''Prevents agents from adhering to the epithelial surfaces as it binds to foreign antigen'''''
|l9=Immunoglobulin G - WikiBlood
|q10=Where is IgG produced?
*'''''Does not activate the complement system so helps to preserve mucosal integrity'''''
|a10=Bone marrow
*Spleen
*Lymph nodes
|<big>'''In which species has IgD been identified?'''
|l10=Immunoglobulin G - WikiBlood#Production
|q11=What is the function of IgG?
*'''''Ruminants'''''
|a11=Activates the classical pathway of the complement cascade
*'''''Pigs'''''
*Can act as targets for macrophages, eosinophils and neutrophils
*Causes agglutination and opsonisation of bacteria
|l11=Immunoglobulin G - WikiBlood#Function
||[[Immunoglobulin D - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|q12=True or False: IgM is a monomer
|-
|a12=
*True
*But it is secreted as a pentamer
*'''''Helps B cell development'''''
|l12=Immunoglobulin M - WikiBlood#Structure
||[[Immunoglobulin D - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|q13=IgM is five times larger than most other antibodies. What effect does this have on its function?
|-
|a13=
|<big>'''True or False: IgE is not a soluble antibody?'''
*Cannot cross the placenta
*Does not diffuse quickly or enter tissues readily
*Its concentration in extracellular fluid and lymph is low
|l13=Immunoglobulin M - WikiBlood#Production
|-
|q14=What are the main functions of IgM?
|a14=
||<font color="white"> <big>
*Complement activation
*'''''Triggers acute inflammation by causing degranulation'''''
*Agglutination
*'''''Involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions'''''
*Opsonisation
*Virus neutralisation
||[[Immunoglobulin E - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|l14=Immunoglobulin M - WikiBlood#Function
</FlashCard>
===Immunoglobulins Variation===
<FlashCard questions="6">
*'''''True'''''
|q1=Which genes code for the immunoglobulin subtypes and on which chain are they located?
||[[Immunoglobulin G - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|a1=
|-
*IGH genes
*Heavy chain
||<font color="white"> <big>
|l1=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Variation
|q2=Complete the sentences about IgG subtypes:
<p>Humans and rodents have ??? IgG subtypes. Dogs have ??? IgG subtypes. Ruminats have ??? IgG subtypes.</p>
|a2=
*four
*three
*three or four
||<font color="white"> <big>
|l2=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Variation
|q3=What are allotypes?
|a3=
*Differences in immunoglobulins between individuals of a particular species
*Allotypes are inheritable
|-
|l3=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Allo & Idiotypes
|q4=What are idiotypes?
|a4=Variations in the sequences of amino acids in the variable regions of the light and heavy chains
*'''''True'''''
|l4=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Allo & Idiotypes
|q5=What is immunoglobulin heavy chain switching?
||[[Immunoglobulin M - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|a5=
|-
*After antigenic exposure the IgM+ B-cells differentiate
|<big>'''IgM is five times larger than most other antibodies. What effect does this have on its function?'''
*Only after direct influence of T cells
*Other classes of immunoglobluins are synthesised
*The same varibale domains are kept
|l5=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Immunoglobulin Class Switching
|q6=How do different classes of antibody differ from each other?
|a6=
*Size
*Charge
*Amino acid composition
*Associated carbohydrate
*Function
|l6=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Immunoglobulin Class Switching
</FlashCard>