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− | {{toplink
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− | |linkpage =Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood
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− | |linktext =IMMUNOGLOBULINS
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− | |sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBlood
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− | |subtext1 =WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS
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− | |pagetype =Blood
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− | }}
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| ===Immunoglobulins Structure and Function=== | | ===Immunoglobulins Structure and Function=== |
| <FlashCard questions="8"> | | <FlashCard questions="8"> |
| |q1=What are immunoglobulins also known as? | | |q1=What are immunoglobulins also known as? |
| |a1=Antibodies | | |a1=Antibodies |
− | |l1=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Introduction | + | |l1=Immunoglobulins#Introduction |
| |q2=How many domains does the heavy chain have? | | |q2=How many domains does the heavy chain have? |
| |a2= | | |a2= |
| *1 variable domain | | *1 variable domain |
| *3 or 4 constant domains | | *3 or 4 constant domains |
− | |l2=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure | + | |l2=Immunoglobulins#Structure |
| |q3=How many domains does the light chain have? | | |q3=How many domains does the light chain have? |
| |a3= | | |a3= |
| *1 variable domain | | *1 variable domain |
| *1 constant domain | | *1 constant domain |
− | |l3=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure | + | |l3=Immunoglobulins#Structure |
| |q4=What are hypervariable domains? | | |q4=What are hypervariable domains? |
| |a4= | | |a4= |
| *Folded pockets of the variable domain into which antibody can bind | | *Folded pockets of the variable domain into which antibody can bind |
| *Different antibodies have different amino acid sequences within the three variable domains | | *Different antibodies have different amino acid sequences within the three variable domains |
− | |l4=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure | + | |l4=Immunoglobulins#Structure |
| |q5=What does Fab stand for and from which chain is it generated? | | |q5=What does Fab stand for and from which chain is it generated? |
| |a5= | | |a5= |
| *Fragment associated with antigen binding | | *Fragment associated with antigen binding |
| *Light chain | | *Light chain |
− | |l5=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure | + | |l5=Immunoglobulins#Structure |
| |q6=What does Fc stand for and from which chain is it generated? | | |q6=What does Fc stand for and from which chain is it generated? |
| |a6= | | |a6= |
| *Constant fragment | | *Constant fragment |
| *Heavy chain | | *Heavy chain |
− | |l6=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure | + | |l6=Immunoglobulins#Structure |
| |q7=What does the Fc fragment do? | | |q7=What does the Fc fragment do? |
| |a7=Mediates phagocytosis | | |a7=Mediates phagocytosis |
| *Triggers inflammation | | *Triggers inflammation |
| *Targets Ig to certain tissues | | *Targets Ig to certain tissues |
− | |l7=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure | + | |l7=Immunoglobulins#Structure |
| |q8=What are the four major effects of antibodies? | | |q8=What are the four major effects of antibodies? |
| |a8= | | |a8= |
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| *Degranulation of mast cells/eosinophils | | *Degranulation of mast cells/eosinophils |
| *Complement Fixation | | *Complement Fixation |
− | |l8=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Function | + | |l8=Immunoglobulins#Function |
| </FlashCard> | | </FlashCard> |
| ===Classes of Immunoglobulin=== | | ===Classes of Immunoglobulin=== |
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| |q1=How do the five classes of immunoglobulins vary from each other? | | |q1=How do the five classes of immunoglobulins vary from each other? |
| |a1=They each have a different composition to their heavy chains | | |a1=They each have a different composition to their heavy chains |
− | |l1=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Classes | + | |l1=Immunoglobulins#Classes |
| |q2=IgA is specially adapted for function at which type of surface? | | |q2=IgA is specially adapted for function at which type of surface? |
| |a2=Mucosal surfaces | | |a2=Mucosal surfaces |
− | |l2=Immunoglobulin A - WikiBlood | + | |l2=Immunoglobulin A |
| |q3=True or False: IgA is a monomer | | |q3=True or False: IgA is a monomer |
| |a3= | | |a3= |
| *False | | *False |
| *IgA is a dimer | | *IgA is a dimer |
− | |l3=Immunoglobulin A - WikiBlood#Structure | + | |l3=Immunoglobulin A#Structure |
| |q4=What are the functions of IgA? | | |q4=What are the functions of IgA? |
| |a4= | | |a4= |
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| *Resists proteolytic digestion so can function in the gut | | *Resists proteolytic digestion so can function in the gut |
| *Does not activate the complement system so helps to preserve mucosal integrity | | *Does not activate the complement system so helps to preserve mucosal integrity |
− | |l4=Immunoglobulin A - WikiBlood#Function | + | |l4=Immunoglobulin A#Function |
| |q5=In which species has IgD been identified? | | |q5=In which species has IgD been identified? |
| |a5= | | |a5= |
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| *Dogs | | *Dogs |
| *Rodents | | *Rodents |
− | |l5=Immunoglobulin D - WikiBlood#Function | + | |l5=Immunoglobulin D#Function |
| |q6=What is the main function of IgD? | | |q6=What is the main function of IgD? |
| |a6=Helps B cell development | | |a6=Helps B cell development |
− | |l6=Immunoglobulin D - WikiBlood#Function | + | |l6=Immunoglobulin D#Function |
| |q7=True or False: IgE is not a soluble antibody? | | |q7=True or False: IgE is not a soluble antibody? |
| |a7=True | | |a7=True |
− | |l7=Immunoglobulin E - WikiBlood | + | |l7=Immunoglobulin E |
| |q8=What are the functions of IgE? | | |q8=What are the functions of IgE? |
| |a8= | | |a8= |
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| *Involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions | | *Involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions |
| *Involved in producing immunity to parasitic worms and nematode parasites | | *Involved in producing immunity to parasitic worms and nematode parasites |
− | |l8=Immunoglobulin E - WikiBlood#Function | + | |l8=Immunoglobulin E#Function |
| |q9=True or False: IgG is the smallest antibody and can easily leave the plasma and enter tissue? | | |q9=True or False: IgG is the smallest antibody and can easily leave the plasma and enter tissue? |
| |a9=True | | |a9=True |
− | |l9=Immunoglobulin G - WikiBlood | + | |l9=Immunoglobulin G |
| |q10=Where is IgG produced? | | |q10=Where is IgG produced? |
| |a10=Bone marrow | | |a10=Bone marrow |
| *Spleen | | *Spleen |
| *Lymph nodes | | *Lymph nodes |
− | |l10=Immunoglobulin G - WikiBlood#Production | + | |l10=Immunoglobulin G#Production |
| |q11=What is the function of IgG? | | |q11=What is the function of IgG? |
| |a11=Activates the classical pathway of the complement cascade | | |a11=Activates the classical pathway of the complement cascade |
− | *Can act as targets for macrophages, eosinophils and neutrophils | + | *Can act as targets for macrophages, eosinophils and [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] |
| *Causes agglutination and opsonisation of bacteria | | *Causes agglutination and opsonisation of bacteria |
− | |l11=Immunoglobulin G - WikiBlood#Function | + | |l11=Immunoglobulin G#Function |
| |q12=True or False: IgM is a monomer | | |q12=True or False: IgM is a monomer |
| |a12= | | |a12= |
| *True | | *True |
| *But it is secreted as a pentamer | | *But it is secreted as a pentamer |
− | |l12=Immunoglobulin M - WikiBlood#Structure | + | |l12=Immunoglobulin M#Structure |
| |q13=IgM is five times larger than most other antibodies. What effect does this have on its function? | | |q13=IgM is five times larger than most other antibodies. What effect does this have on its function? |
| |a13= | | |a13= |
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| *Does not diffuse quickly or enter tissues readily | | *Does not diffuse quickly or enter tissues readily |
| *Its concentration in extracellular fluid and lymph is low | | *Its concentration in extracellular fluid and lymph is low |
− | |l13=Immunoglobulin M - WikiBlood#Production | + | |l13=Immunoglobulin M#Production |
| |q14=What are the main functions of IgM? | | |q14=What are the main functions of IgM? |
| |a14= | | |a14= |
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| *Opsonisation | | *Opsonisation |
| *Virus neutralisation | | *Virus neutralisation |
− | |l14=Immunoglobulin M - WikiBlood#Function | + | |l14=Immunoglobulin M#Function |
| </FlashCard> | | </FlashCard> |
| ===Immunoglobulins Variation=== | | ===Immunoglobulins Variation=== |
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| *IGH genes | | *IGH genes |
| *Heavy chain | | *Heavy chain |
− | |l1=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Variation | + | |l1=Immunoglobulins#Variation |
| |q2=Complete the sentences about IgG subtypes: | | |q2=Complete the sentences about IgG subtypes: |
| <p>Humans and rodents have ??? IgG subtypes. Dogs have ??? IgG subtypes. Ruminats have ??? IgG subtypes.</p> | | <p>Humans and rodents have ??? IgG subtypes. Dogs have ??? IgG subtypes. Ruminats have ??? IgG subtypes.</p> |
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| *three | | *three |
| *three or four | | *three or four |
− | |l2=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Variation | + | |l2=Immunoglobulins#Variation |
| |q3=What are allotypes? | | |q3=What are allotypes? |
| |a3= | | |a3= |
| *Differences in immunoglobulins between individuals of a particular species | | *Differences in immunoglobulins between individuals of a particular species |
| *Allotypes are inheritable | | *Allotypes are inheritable |
− | |l3=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Allo & Idiotypes | + | |l3=Immunoglobulins#Allo & Idiotypes |
| |q4=What are idiotypes? | | |q4=What are idiotypes? |
| |a4=Variations in the sequences of amino acids in the variable regions of the light and heavy chains | | |a4=Variations in the sequences of amino acids in the variable regions of the light and heavy chains |
− | |l4=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Allo & Idiotypes | + | |l4=Immunoglobulins#Allo & Idiotypes |
| |q5=What is immunoglobulin heavy chain switching? | | |q5=What is immunoglobulin heavy chain switching? |
| |a5= | | |a5= |
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| *Other classes of immunoglobluins are synthesised | | *Other classes of immunoglobluins are synthesised |
| *The same varibale domains are kept | | *The same varibale domains are kept |
− | |l5=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Immunoglobulin Class Switching | + | |l5=Immunoglobulins#Immunoglobulin Class Switching |
| |q6=How do different classes of antibody differ from each other? | | |q6=How do different classes of antibody differ from each other? |
| |a6= | | |a6= |
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| *Associated carbohydrate | | *Associated carbohydrate |
| *Function | | *Function |
− | |l6=Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Immunoglobulin Class Switching | + | |l6=Immunoglobulins#Immunoglobulin Class Switching |
| </FlashCard> | | </FlashCard> |
| + | |
| + | <br><br> |
| + | {{Jim Bee 2007}} |
| + | [[Category:Immunology Flashcards]] |
| + | [[Category:Immunoglobulins]] |