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Hypersensitivity Flashcards (view source)
Revision as of 11:23, 20 February 2010
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{{toplink
{{toplink
|linkpage =Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood
|linkpage =Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood
|linktext =HYPERSENSITIVITY
|linktext =HYPERSENSITIVITY
|pagetype =Blood
|pagetype =Blood
}}
}}
===Hypersensitivity===
==<font color="purple">Hypersensitivity</font>==
<FlashCard questions="3">
|q1=What is hypersensitivity?
|a1=
*A hyperactive immune response to an antigen
*Leading to cell and tissue damage
*It involves normal immune mechanisms directed towards harmless environmental antigens (ie. allergy) or directed at self antigens (ie. autoimmunity)
|<big>'''What is hypersensitivity?'''
|l1=Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
||<font color="white"> <big>
|q2=Which two scientists proposed the mechanism for distinguishing between the different types of hypersensitivity reactions?
|a2=Gell and Coombs
|l2=Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
|q3=Complete the following sentences
||[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
<p>Types I, II and III hypersensitivity are ??? reactions. Type IV hypersensitivity is a ??? reaction. </p>
|-
|a3=
|<big>'''Which two scientists proposed the mechanism for distinguishing between the different types of hypersensitivity reactions?'''
*antibody mediated
*cell mediated
*'''''Gell and Coombs'''''
|l3=Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Classification
||[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
</FlashCard>
|-
===Type I Hypersensitivity===
|<big>'''Complete the following sentences'''
<FlashCard questions="5">
||<big>Types I, II and III hypersensitivity are <font color="white">'''''antibody'''''</font> mediated reactions. Type IV hypersensitivity is a <font color="white">'''''cell'''''</font> mediated reaction.
|q1=What is type I hypersensitivity also known as?
||[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Classification|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|a1=
|}
*Anaphylactic-mediated
*IgE-mediated
|l1=Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
|q2=What is the name of antigens which cause type I hypersensitivity?
|a2=Allergens
|l2=Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
|q3=Name some common allergens which cause a type I hypersensitivity reaction
|a3=
|-
*Plant pollens
|<big>'''What is type I hypersensitivity also known as?'''
*Foods
||<font color="white"> <big>
*Drugs
*'''''Anaphylactic-mediated'''''
*Proteins
*'''''IgE-mediated'''''
*Insect products
||[[Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|l3=Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Common allergens which elict a type I hypersensitivity reaction:
|-
|q4=Mast cells are caused to degranulate releasing cytokines. What affects do these cytokines have on the infected area?
|a4=
||<font color="white"> <big>
*Vasodilation
*'''''Allergens'''''
*Oedema
||[[Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
*Mucous production
|-
*Chemoattractants cause the influx of neutrophils, basophils, monocytes and plasma
|<big>'''Name some common allergens which cause a type I hypersensitivity reaction'''
*Vasoactive and inflammatory peptides cause the contraction of smooth muscle fibres
||<font color="white"> <big>
|l4=Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Mechanism
*'''''Plant pollens'''''
|q5=Name some examples of type I hypsensitivity reactions
*'''''Foods'''''
|a5=
*'''''Drugs'''''
*Sweet-itch
*'''''Proteins'''''
*Atopy
*'''''Insect products'''''
*Flea allergic dermatitis
|l5=Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Examples of Type I hypersensitivity
</FlashCard>
===Type II Hypersensitivity===
||<font color="white"> <big>
<FlashCard questions="3">
*'''''Vasodilation'''''
|q1=What types of immunoglobulin are produced in type II hypersensitivity reactions and are they produced against soluble or fixed antigens?
*'''''Oedema'''''
|a1=
*IgG
*IgM
*Fixed antigens
||[[Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Mechanism|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|l1=Type II Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
|q2=What is the main mechanism of type II hypersensitivity reactions?
|a2=Neutralisation blockage of receptors
||<font color="white"> <big>
|l2=Type II Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Mechanism
*'''''Sweet-itch'''''
|q3=Which immunological processes does the type II reaction use to destroy target cells? Give examples for each process?
*'''''Atopy'''''
|a3=
*'''''Flea allergic dermatitis
*Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)
||[[Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Examples of Type I hypersensitivity|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
**Pemphigus vulgaris
|}
**Bullous pemphigoid
*Complement mediated lysis
**Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia
==<font color="purple">Type II Hypersensitivity</font>==
**Blood transfusion reaction
**Haemolytic disease of new born
**Feline infectious anaemia
*Phagocytosis
|l3=Type II Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
|-
</FlashCard>
===Type III Hypersensitivity===
<FlashCard questions="5">
|q1=Which immunoglobulin is produced in type III hypersensitivity and is it produced against soluble or fixed antigens?
|a1=
*IgG
||[[Type II Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
*Soluble antigens
|-
|l1=Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
|q2=What does inhaling antigen locally lead to?
||<font color="white"> <big>
|a2=Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
|l2=Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Location of the immune complexes:
|q3=What other conditions can be caused by a local type III hypersensitivity response?
|-
|a3=
|<big>'''Which immunological processes does the type II reaction use to destroy target cells? Give examples for each process?'''
*Glomerulonephritis
*Arthritis
*'''''Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)'''''
*Vasculitis
**'''''Pemphigus vulgaris'''''
*Acute inflammation
|l3=Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Location of the immune complexes:
|q4=What general effects does increased levels of systemic antigen have?
|a4=
*Vasculitis
*Erythema
*Oedema
*Neutropaenia
*Proteinurea
|}
|l4=Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Location of the immune complexes:
|q5=Give an example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction where the antigen is a self antigen
|a5=Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE)
|l5=Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Location of the immune complexes:
==<font color="purple">Type III Hypersensitivity</font>==
</FlashCard>
===Type IV Hypersensitivity===
<FlashCard questions="7">
|q1=What is type IV hypersensitivity also known as?
|a1=Delayed-type hypersensitivity
|l1=Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
|q2=What effects do a CD4+ helper cell hypersensitivity response have?
||<font color="white"> <big>
|a2=
*Abnormal macrophage activation
*Macrophage production of inflammatory mediators and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)
|l2=Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
|q3=What effect does a CD8+ cytotoxic hypersensitivity response have?
|a3=Destruction of normal cells
|l3=Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction
|q4=What are the two types of type IV hypersensitivity reactions?
|a4=
*Contact
*Granulomatous
|l4=Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#2 types:
|q5=What are the main cells involved in contact dermatitis?
|a5=Mononuclear cells
|l5=Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#1. Contact
|q6=Give two examples of infections causing a granulomatous response
|a6=
*Mycobacterium tubercle
*Schistosome eggs
|l6=Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#2. Granulomatous
|q7=What is the tuberculin test?
|a7=
*Used for testing TB in cattle
*Injection of intradermal antigen into the skin
*A skin reaction (infiltration of lymphocytes and monocytes) peaking at 48-72 hours indicates prior exposure to the antigen or ongoing infection
|l7=Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#2. Granulomatous
</FlashCard>