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Donkey '''dystocia''' cases have been reported, but their true incidence and nature is not known. Malformations such as  '''''schistosomus reflexus''''' and''' foetal ankylosis''' have been reported as causes of dystocia (Dubbin ''et al'', 1990). In miniature donkeys, dystocia may result following abortion due to foetal malformation. In equines, the uterus should be able to regulate foetal growth and reduce the rate of dystocia due to foetal-maternal disproportion. However, an increased rate of dystocia is commonly feared when jennies are bred to stallions.

Donkey '''dystocia''' cases have been reported, but their true incidence and nature is not known. Malformations such as  '''''schistosomus reflexus''''' and''' foetal ankylosis''' have been reported as causes of dystocia (Dubbin ''et al'', 1990). In miniature donkeys, dystocia may result following abortion due to foetal malformation. In equines, the uterus should be able to regulate foetal growth and reduce the rate of dystocia due to foetal-maternal disproportion. However, an increased rate of dystocia is commonly feared when jennies are bred to stallions.

'''Dystocia risks are increased in miniature donkeys''' because of the domed large forehead of some foals. Relief of dystocia is best accomplished under anaesthesia, with the jenny’s hindquarters suspended. '''Caesarean section''' is preferable to foetotomy. Long obstetrical manipulations have been associated with vaginal adhesions.

'''Dystocia risks are increased in miniature donkeys''' because of the domed large forehead of some foals. Relief of dystocia is best accomplished under anaesthesia, with the jenny’s hindquarters suspended. [[Caesarean Section - Donkey|'''Caesarean section''']] is preferable to foetotomy. Long obstetrical manipulations have been associated with vaginal adhesions.

==References==

==References==