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| − | '''[[Oestrus Synchronization|Oestrus synchronization]] | + | '''[[Oestrus Synchronization - Donkey|Oestrus synchronization]] |
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| | + | '''[[Artificial Insemination - Donkey|Artificial insemination]] |
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| − | ==Artificial insemination==
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| − | Jack semen has been preserved successfully since the 1950s (Nishikawa, 1959). A few studies have used fertility trials with frozen jack semen (Glatzel ''et al'', 1981). Techniques used for stallion semen are applicable to jack semen with some modifications (Glatzel ''et al'', 1981; Singhvi, 1990; Purdy, 2005b; Tibary ''et al'', 2006).
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| − | Motility is maintained in skim milk extenders at 5°C for 72 to 96 hours and fertility remains acceptable for 48 hours. Studies on the effect of seminal plasma on preservation at 5°C are contradictory. Some studies (''e.g.'' Mello ''et al'', 2000) show that the elimination of seminal plasma by centrifugation or by collection of the sperm-rich fraction does not improve the longevity of cooled semen; others find that the elimination of seminal plasma is beneficial. Survival of semen is 96 hours in INRA82 extender
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| − | after centrifugation in skim milk at 4°C. Preservation at 15°C causes less membrane damage than at 5°C (Serres ''et al'', 2002). The effect of seminal plasma may be dependent on breed and the individual (Mello ''et al'', 2000).
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| − | Lactose/egg yolk extender was reported to be better than Kenny’s extender in some studies for cooling to 5°C (Cottorello ''et al'', 2002). Cooling rates of -0.6°C/minutes and -1.0°C/minutes until 4 to 6°C are better than rates of -3°C/minutes (Ferreria and Henry, 1992; Santos ''et al'', 1994).
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| − | Artificial insemination every other day with 250 million spermatozoa resulted in a conception rate of 80% (Ferreria and Henry, 1992). Jack semen is frozen in the same manner as horse semen. The authors (Tibary, A., Sghiri, A. & Bakkoury, M.) obtained a 20% pregnancy rate in mares inseminated for mule production with 200 million spermatozoa (Glatzel ''et al'', 1981).
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| − | Improvements in the ability to freeze semen have been achieved by reducing the amount of glycerol, using only the sperm-rich fraction with the addition of L-glutamine at 80 mM and replacing hen egg yolk with quail egg yolk. Pregnancy rates obtained with semen frozen in these conditions (AI daily until ovulation, 600 million spermatozoa) improved from 0 to 38% after glycerol removal (Trimeche ''et al'', 1998; Tibary ''et a''l, 2006).
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| − | ==References==
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| − | * Tibary, A., Sghiri, A. & Bakkoury, M. (2008) Reproduction In Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 4th edition, Whittet Books, Chapter 17
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| − | {{toplink
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| − | |linkpage =Artificial Breeding - Donkey
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| − | |linktext =Artificial Breeding - Donkey
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| − | |pagetype = Donkey
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| − | [[Category:Donkey]]
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| − | {{toplink
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| − | |linkpage = Sponsors
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| − | |linktext = This page was sponsored and content provided by ''THE DONKEY SANCTUARY''
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