Author, Donkey, Bureaucrats, Administrators
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[[Image:Donkey lying down.JPG|thumb|right|200px|<small><center>Image courtesy of [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary]</center></small>]]
[[Opioids]] (''e.g.''''' butorphanol, buprenorphine''') are classified either as (full) agonists, agonist-antagonists (partial agonists) or antagonists based on differing affinities and efficacy at μ-, κ- and δ-opioid receptors, which results in activation of descending inhibitory pathways and reduction in the transmission of nociceptive signals to higher centres in the brain. Opioid
[[Opioids]] (''e.g.''''' butorphanol, buprenorphine''') are classified either as (full) agonists, agonist-antagonists (partial agonists) or antagonists based on differing affinities and efficacy at μ-, κ- and δ-opioid receptors, which results in activation of descending inhibitory pathways and reduction in the transmission of nociceptive signals to higher centres in the brain. Opioid
receptors are widespread, resulting in a '''wide range of side effects''' including <u>respiratory depression, increased intracranial pressure, hypotension and inhibition of peristalsis,</u> which vary depending on the agent used.
receptors are widespread, resulting in a '''wide range of side effects''' including <u>respiratory depression, increased intracranial pressure, hypotension and inhibition of peristalsis,</u> which vary depending on the agent used.