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Created page with 'thumb|right|150px|''Eimeria'' sp. of ruminants - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [[Image:Coccidia ooc…'
[[Image:Coccidia ruminant.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Eimeria'' sp. of ruminants - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
[[Image:Coccidia oocyst ruminant.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Coccidia oocyst from ruminant faeces - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
*Many species affect cattle
*Cattle under a year old are usually infected sporadically
*2-3 week prepatent period
*''Eimeria bovis''
**Endogenous stages in central lacteal of villi and epithelial cells of [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]] and [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]]
**Causes [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]] and enteritis
**Oocysts are 28x20μm
**Moderately pathogenic
*''Eimeria zuernii''
**Endogenous stages in connective tissue of lamina propria of the lower [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] and in the epithelial cells of the [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]] and [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]]
**More pathogenic than ''Eimeria bovis''
**Causes blood stained dysentery, tenesmus and sloughed mucosa
**Oocysts are spherical and measure 16μm
*Mainly occurs in calves in poor conditions and bought-in calves
**Also occurs in suckler calves turned out in spring
*''Eimeria alabamensis'' associated with [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]] in calves after spring turnout
*[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Passive transfer via colostrum|Passive immunity]] is sufficient during the neonatal period
*Can be concurrent with cryptosporidium, viral and bacterial agents
'''Diagnosis'''
*History, clinical signs, [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]] (often with blood) and a decrease in weight gain
*Post-mortem
**Diffuse inflammation and thickening of [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecal]] mucosa (and sometimes [[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileal]] and [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colonic]] mucosa)
**Masses of gamonts and oocysts in scrapings
*High faecal oocyst count
**However, healthy animals can pass millions of oocysts from mixed species infections which have no pathogenic significance
**Animals may die before oocysts are shed
'''Control'''
*Improve husbandry
**Improve sanitation
**Increase bedding
**Raise food and water troughs to avoid faecal contamination
*Preventative in-feed medication
**E.g. Decoquinate
*Injectable antiprotozoals may limit oocyst production but animals should still be moved to a clean environment
**E.g. Sulphamethoxypyridazine[[Category:Coccidia]][[Category:Cattle]]
[[Image:Coccidia oocyst ruminant.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Coccidia oocyst from ruminant faeces - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
*Many species affect cattle
*Cattle under a year old are usually infected sporadically
*2-3 week prepatent period
*''Eimeria bovis''
**Endogenous stages in central lacteal of villi and epithelial cells of [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]] and [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]]
**Causes [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]] and enteritis
**Oocysts are 28x20μm
**Moderately pathogenic
*''Eimeria zuernii''
**Endogenous stages in connective tissue of lamina propria of the lower [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] and in the epithelial cells of the [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]] and [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]]
**More pathogenic than ''Eimeria bovis''
**Causes blood stained dysentery, tenesmus and sloughed mucosa
**Oocysts are spherical and measure 16μm
*Mainly occurs in calves in poor conditions and bought-in calves
**Also occurs in suckler calves turned out in spring
*''Eimeria alabamensis'' associated with [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]] in calves after spring turnout
*[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Passive transfer via colostrum|Passive immunity]] is sufficient during the neonatal period
*Can be concurrent with cryptosporidium, viral and bacterial agents
'''Diagnosis'''
*History, clinical signs, [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]] (often with blood) and a decrease in weight gain
*Post-mortem
**Diffuse inflammation and thickening of [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecal]] mucosa (and sometimes [[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileal]] and [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colonic]] mucosa)
**Masses of gamonts and oocysts in scrapings
*High faecal oocyst count
**However, healthy animals can pass millions of oocysts from mixed species infections which have no pathogenic significance
**Animals may die before oocysts are shed
'''Control'''
*Improve husbandry
**Improve sanitation
**Increase bedding
**Raise food and water troughs to avoid faecal contamination
*Preventative in-feed medication
**E.g. Decoquinate
*Injectable antiprotozoals may limit oocyst production but animals should still be moved to a clean environment
**E.g. Sulphamethoxypyridazine[[Category:Coccidia]][[Category:Cattle]]