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| − | ===''Actinobacillus lignieresii''===
| + | ''[[Actinobacillus lignieresii]]'' |
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| − | *Pathogenesis and pathogenicity:
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| − | **Commensal in the mouth and intestinal tract of cattle and sheep
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| − | **Penetrates damaged mucosa to cause chronic granulomatous inflammation of soft tissues, a condition known as Actinobacillosis
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| − | **Enodogenous, sporadic infection
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| − | **Lesions in the tongue, cheek, lips and sometimes in the lower gut and lungs from aspiration
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| − | **Often spreads from the site of infection to lymphatics, and may cause pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis
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| − | **[[Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology#Wooden tongue|Myositis]] and formation of fibrous tissue in the lesions lead to hardening of the tissue, hence the condition is known as 'wooden tongue' in cattle
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| − | **In sheep abscesses with thick walls are produced
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| − | **Feeding is impaired, causing loss of condition
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| − | **Infection in the oesophageal groove can cause tympany and enlargement of the retropharyngeal lymph node, causing difficulty in swallowing and breathing
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| − | **[[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Bacterial granulomatous dermatitis|Cutaneous lesions]] in cattle and sheep
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| − | **Contamination of the environment via ulcerating lesions
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| − | *Diagnosis:
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| − | **Induration of tongue
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| − | **Tissue sections may demonstrate pyogranulomatous foci containing club colonies
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| − | **Gram negative rods may be present in smears from exudates
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| − | **Cultures on blood agar and MacConkey agar, incubated for 24-72 hours
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| − | **Blood agar: small, sticky, non-haemolytic clonies
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| − | **MacConkey agar: slow lactose fermentation
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| − | *Treatment:
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| − | **Sodium iodide parenterally, or potassium iodide orally
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| − | **Potentiated sulphonamides or a penicillin/streptomycin combination
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| − | **Rough feed should be avoided
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| | ===''Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae''=== | | ===''Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae''=== |