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| − | ===''Burkholderia mallei''=== | + | ===''[[Burkholderia mallei]]''=== |
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| − | *Causes [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Glanders|glanders]], a contagious disease of ''Equidae''
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| − | *Nodules and ulcers in respiratory tract and on skin
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| − | *Largely eradicated but sporadic cases in Middle East, India, China
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| − | *Pathogenesis:
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| − | **Transmited by ingestion of food/water contaminated by nasal discharge of infected ''Equidae''; occasionally via inhalation or skin wounds
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| − | **Organism invades nasopharyngeal mucosa and spreads to other tissues via lymphatics
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| − | **Presence of ''B. mallei'' in host causes hypersensitivity reaction
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| − | *Clinical infections:
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| − | **Acute septicaemic form with fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge and respiratory signs; death within weeks
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| − | **Chronic disease more common:
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| − | ***Nasal form: [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]]; ulcerative nodules develop on mucosa of nasal septum and lower part of turbinates; purulent blood-stained nasal discharge; regional lymphadenitis
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| − | ***Respiratory form: respiratory distress; granulomatous lesions throughout lungs
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| − | ***Cutaneous form (farcy): lymphangitis; nodules along lymphatic vesselsof limbs; ulcers develop and discharge pus
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| − | ***May die after several months or recover and shed organisms from respiratory tract or skin
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| − | **Carnivores may contract disease by eating infected carcasses
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| − | *Diagnosis:
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| − | **Specimens include discharges from lesions and blood for serology
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| − | **Grows on media containing 1% glycerol; most strains are non-lactose fermenters on MacConkey agar
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| − | **Complement fixation and agglutination
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| − | **Serology
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| − | **Mallein test: mallein injected intradermally below lower eyelid; local swelling and discharge indicates positive reation
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| − | *Treatment/control:
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| − | **Test and slaughter policy where disease exotic
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| − | **Disinfection of contaminated areas using formalin or an iodophor
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| | ===''Burkholderia pseudomallei=== | | ===''Burkholderia pseudomallei=== |