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===''Burkholderia mallei''===
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===''[[Burkholderia mallei]]''===
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*Causes [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Glanders|glanders]], a contagious disease of ''Equidae''
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*Nodules and ulcers in respiratory tract and on skin
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*Largely eradicated but sporadic cases in Middle East, India, China
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*Pathogenesis:
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**Transmited by ingestion of food/water contaminated by nasal discharge of infected ''Equidae''; occasionally via inhalation or skin wounds
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**Organism invades nasopharyngeal mucosa and spreads to other tissues via lymphatics
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**Presence of ''B. mallei'' in host causes hypersensitivity reaction
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*Clinical infections:
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**Acute septicaemic form with fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge and respiratory signs; death within weeks
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**Chronic disease more common:
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***Nasal form: [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]]; ulcerative nodules develop on mucosa of nasal septum and lower part of turbinates; purulent blood-stained nasal discharge; regional lymphadenitis
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***Respiratory form: respiratory distress; granulomatous lesions throughout lungs
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***Cutaneous form (farcy): lymphangitis; nodules along lymphatic vesselsof limbs; ulcers develop and discharge pus
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***May die after several months or recover and shed organisms from respiratory tract or skin
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**Carnivores may contract disease by eating infected carcasses
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*Diagnosis:
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**Specimens include discharges from lesions and blood for serology
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**Grows on media containing 1% glycerol; most strains are non-lactose fermenters on MacConkey agar
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**Complement fixation and agglutination
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**Serology
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**Mallein test: mallein injected intradermally below lower eyelid; local swelling and discharge indicates positive reation
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*Treatment/control:
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**Test and slaughter policy where disease exotic
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**Disinfection of contaminated areas using formalin or an iodophor
      
===''Burkholderia pseudomallei===
 
===''Burkholderia pseudomallei===
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