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*Administered parenterally post-weaning to induce a systemic immune response to neutralize viremia
*Administered parenterally post-weaning to induce a systemic immune response to neutralize viremia
*Annual booster
*Annual booster
==Parvovirus Enteritis==
* [[Parvoviridae|Parvovirus]] enteritis is also know as feline infectious enteritis or feline panleucopenia
* Since a vaccine is available, this disease is now uncommon.
* Over the last 10/15 years this has been seen primarily in the cat, but it is now also seen [[Intestine Inflammatory - Pathology#Canine Disease|in the dog]].
===Clinical===
* Manifests mainly in cats under 6 months old.
* Common in groups of unvaccinated cats.
** Produces big outbreaks, with [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|vomiting]] and pyrexia.
* Severe [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|vomiting]] and [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]] occur.
** [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]] is thin, watery and foul-smelling, and may also be blood-tinged.
*** Animals usually die despite treatment- die from dehydration.
* Animals suffer from fever.
* Pancytopaenia also occures.
** White blood cell count drops very low so as to become almost non-existent.
*** Drops to 1/ml from 10000/ml.
** Animals may therefore also die from other infections.
===Pathology===
====Gross====
* Virus targets crypt cells and lymphoid areas.
** Causes [[Intestine Inflammatory - Pathology#Villus Atrophy|villus atrophy]].
* In the cat, the intestine is thickened, turgid and swollen.
** Has a pale, dull and mottled appearance.
** The contents are rather dry - this gets worse lower down the gut.
* Areas of depression in the mucosa can be seen in the upper small bowel.
** Due to necrosis of tissue overlying Peyers patch.
* Lower down in the gut, enteritis is apparent.
** Cat- fibrinous.
** Dog- haemorrhagic.
*** Blood in lumen.
** Inflammation sometimes doesn't appear very severe.
* There may be very few lesions
** Histology is usually required for diagnosis.
* A '''radiomimetic virus'''.
** Affects all rapidly dividing cells and destroys them.
*** E.g. epithelium in the base of the crypts of [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] are killed.
====Histological====
* The crypt lining cells undergo complete necrosis, but very little inflammation occurs.
** Collapse of villous architecture.
* May be fibrinous exudates on surface of mucosa.
* The submucosa and lamina propria are not affected and are left intact.
** Many [[Neutrophils - WikiBlood|neutrophils]] in the lamina propria.
* Cyst-like structures are seen in the deepest parts of the glands of the intestinal mucosa, if the animal survives for more than a few days.
** Flattened epithelial cells line these cystic glands.
*** Are enterocytes trying to repair the damage.
*** However, animals usually die from dehydration or secondary infection before the mucosa recovers.
* Inclusion bodies may be seen, but these are very hard to find.
* May get [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood|lymphocyte]] invasion of mucosa.
* [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|Lymph nodes]] appear pale and oedematous, and almost aplastic.
* [[Bone Marrow - Anatomy & Physiology|Bone marrow]] appears pale and fatty looking and is depleted of cells.
[[Category:Parvoviridae]][[Category:Cat]]
[[Category:Parvoviridae]][[Category:Cat]]