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| + | {{OpenPagesTop}} |
| + | {{Taxobox |
| + | |name = Stomoxys calcitrans |
| + | |kingdom = |
| + | |phylum = |
| + | |class = [[Insecta]] |
| + | |sub-class = |
| + | |order = |
| + | |super-family = |
| + | |family = Muscidae |
| + | |sub-family = |
| + | |genus = |
| + | |species = |
| + | }} |
| + | [[Image:Stomoxys calcitrans.jpg|150px|thumb|right|'''Stomoxys calcitrans''' Fir0002/Flagstaffotos 2007, Wikimedia Commons]] |
| + | Also known as: '''''Stable fly |
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| ==Introduction== | | ==Introduction== |
− | [[Image:Stomoxys calcitrans.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Stomoxys calcitrans'' - Wikimedia Commons]]
| + | ''S. calcitrans''are of the family ''Muscidae''. They can feed on a number of hosts in close succession, and therefore can act as an important mechanical vector in the transmission of disease e.g. [[Equine Infectious Anemia|Equine infectious anaemia]]. |
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− | | Also known as:
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− | | '''Stable fly
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− | *'''Visiting''' biting fly
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− | **Feeds on the host
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− | **Spends most of its time '''off''' the host e.g. In flight or resting on buildings, foliage and fences
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− | *Attacks most animals
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− | *Found worldwide
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− | ==Recognition==
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− | *Similar to [[Musca spp.|''Musca domestica'']]
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− | *5-7mm long
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− | *Forward-pointing proboscis (biting)
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− | **Both males and females suck blood
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− | *Grey thorax and abdomen
| + | ''S. calcitrans'' can also act as intermediate hosts of the [[:Category:Nematodes|nematode]] ''[[Habronema]]''. |
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− | *Longitudinal grey stripes on thorax
| + | ==Identification== |
| + | ''Stomoxys calcitrans'' has a high resemblance to [[Musca spp.|''Musca domestica'']]. |
| + | ''S. calcitrans'' is 5-7mm long, and both the males and females suck blood. They are grey with four long longitudinal stripes on the thorax, and with large black spots on the abdomen. |
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− | *Large black spots on abdomen
| + | The larvae are identified by examination of the posterior spiracles. |
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− | *Clear wings
| + | Eggs are yellow, and approximately 1mm in length. |
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| ==Life cycle== | | ==Life cycle== |
− | *Eggs laid on rotting hay and straw
| + | Eggs are laid on manure, or rotting hay and straw. The eggs then develop into larvae in usually less than 4 days, and then transform from larvae into adults. The females require several large blood meals before they are successfully able to reproduce. |
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− | *Larvae feed on vegetable matter
| + | The life cycle from the production of an egg to a fully mature adult can range from 12-60 days. |
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− | *Life cycle takes '''1 month'''
| + | Adult flies can survive for around 1 month. |
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− | *Adult flies survive for 1 month
| + | {{Learning |
| + | |literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(%22Stomoxys+calcitrans%22) ''Stomoxys calcitrans'' publications] |
| + | }} |
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− | ==Pathogenesis==
| + | {{review}} |
− | *Production losses
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− | **Reduced weight gain
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− | **Milk yield losses
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− | ***Up to 20% in cattle affected by '''fly worry'''
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− | *Vectors for the retrovirus [[Equine Infectious Anemia|Equine infectious anaemia]]
| + | {{OpenPages}} |
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− | *Mechanical vectors for protozoa e.g. trypanosomes in warmer countries
| + | [[Category:Biting_Flies]] |
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− | *Intermediate hosts of the nematode [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Helminths|''Habronema'']]
| + | [[Category:Expert_Review]] |
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− | [[Category:Biting_Flies]]
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− | [[Category:To_Do_-_Parasites]] | |