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− | {{unfinished}}
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| ==Signalment== | | ==Signalment== |
| *Often affects older animals but kittens of 16 weeks old and puppies of 20 weeks old have been reported. | | *Often affects older animals but kittens of 16 weeks old and puppies of 20 weeks old have been reported. |
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| ==Description== | | ==Description== |
− | '''Lymphocytic - plasmacytic enteritis (LPE)''' is the most common form of [[Inflammatory Bowel Disease|Inflammatory Bowel Disease]] (IBD). As its name suggests, the predominant cell type in the intestinal mucosa is [[Lymphocytes|'''lymphocytes''']] and '''plasma cells'''. Enteric parasites, bacteria in dogs and [[Toxoplasma|''Toxoplasma'']] in cats have been reported to associated with LPE. This disorder in cats have also been shown to associate with concurrent disease of the pancreas and liver such as [[Pancreatitis - WikiClinical|pancreatitis]], [[Cholangitis|cholangitis]] and [[Hepatic Lipidosis|hepatic lipidosis]]. LPE is believed to be caused by an abnormal [[Regional Lymphoid Tissue - Anatomy & Physiology|mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)]] response to luminal bacterial, dietary or self-antigens. | + | '''Lymphocytic - plasmacytic enteritis (LPE)''' is the most common form of [[Inflammatory Bowel Disease|Inflammatory Bowel Disease]] (IBD). As its name suggests, the predominant cell type in the intestinal mucosa is [[Lymphocytes - Introduction|'''lymphocytes''']] and '''plasma cells'''. Enteric parasites, bacteria in dogs and [[Toxoplasma gondii|''Toxoplasma'']] in cats have been reported to associated with LPE. This disorder in cats have also been shown to associate with concurrent disease of the pancreas and liver such as [[Pancreatitis|pancreatitis]], [[Cholangitis|cholangitis]] and [[Hepatic Lipidosis|hepatic lipidosis]]. LPE is believed to be caused by an abnormal [[Regional Lymphoid Tissue - Anatomy & Physiology|mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)]] response to luminal bacterial, dietary or self-antigens. |
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− | The [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestines]] are affected to a variable degree of severity. It has also been known to affect other parts of the gastrointestinal tract such as the [[:Category:Stomach and Abomasum - Pathology|stomach]] and the [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]]. In severely affected animals, this will result in a protein-losing enteropathy (PLE). | + | The [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestines]] are affected to a variable degree of severity. It has also been known to affect other parts of the gastrointestinal tract such as the [[:Category:Stomach and Abomasum - Pathology|stomach]] and the [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]]. In severely affected animals, this will result in a protein-losing enteropathy (PLE). |
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| ==Diagnosis== | | ==Diagnosis== |
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| *abdominal discomfort | | *abdominal discomfort |
| *ascites or subcutaneous oedema if severe PLE resulting in hypoproteinaemia | | *ascites or subcutaneous oedema if severe PLE resulting in hypoproteinaemia |
− | *concurrent systemic immune-mediated response and [[Thrombosis - Pathology#Thromboembolism|thromboembolism]] (rare) | + | *concurrent systemic immune-mediated response and [[Thromboembolism|thromboembolism]] (rare) |
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| ===Laboratory Tests=== | | ===Laboratory Tests=== |
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| ====Other Tests==== | | ====Other Tests==== |
− | *Serum trypsin-like immunoassay (TLI) to rule out [[Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency - WikiClinical|exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)]]. | + | *Serum trypsin-like immunoassay (TLI) to rule out [[Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency|exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)]]. |
| *Faecal analysis to rule out endoparasite and pathogenic bacteria. | | *Faecal analysis to rule out endoparasite and pathogenic bacteria. |
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| *Hall, E.J, Simpson, J.W. and Williams, D.A. (2005) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology (2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA'' | | *Hall, E.J, Simpson, J.W. and Williams, D.A. (2005) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology (2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA'' |
| *Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier''. | | *Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier''. |
− | [[Category:Intestine_-_Inflammatory_Pathology_by_Type]][[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]] | + | |
| + | ==Lymphocytic - Plasmacytic Enteritis== |
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| + | ====Pathology==== |
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| + | * Hypersensitivity reaction results in increased GIT permeablility and recruitment of inflammatory cells. |
| + | * Histologically: |
| + | ** Mucosal epithelial-glandular alterations. |
| + | ** Variably increased mucosal infiltrate of lymphocytes and plasma cells. |
| + | *** In these dogs there is an increase in the number of [[IgA]] and [[IgG]] containing cells and CD3+ T-cells. |
| + | **** Can develop into lymphoma. |
| + | *** Changes in the relative and absolute numbers of plasma cells and lymphocytes have been associated with IBD in humans. |
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| + | {{unfinished}} |
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| + | [[Category:Intestine_-_Inflammatory_Pathology_by_Type]][[Category:To_Do_-_Alimentary]][[Category:To Do - Medium]] |