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| | ==[[Thrombosis]]== | | ==[[Thrombosis]]== |
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| − | ==Thromboembolism== | + | ==[[Thromboembolism]]== |
| − | [[Image:sarcoma embolus.jpg|right|thumb|125px|<small><center>'''Sarcoma embolus (dog)'''. Courtesy of T. Scase</center></small>]] | |
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| − | ===Description===
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| − | *As the name implies, a thromboembolism is a clot (thrombus) or foreign body that blocks vessels a distance away from its original site of origin.
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| − | *The most significant sites of thromboembolic formation are the following: lungs, CNS, terminal aorta, kidneys.
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| − | '''Requirements for thromboembolism formation:
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| − | '''
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| − | 1. Disruption of endothelial integrity
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| − | 2. Disruption of flow
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| − | 3. Disruption of blood haemostasis
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| − | 4. Disruption of fibrinolysis
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| − | '''The incidence of thromboembolism greatly increases with certain diseases including:
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| − | '''
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| − | -Heart Disease
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| − | -Neoplasia
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| − | -Blood Disorders
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| − | -Parasitic Diseases
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| − | -Hyperadrenocorticism
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| − | ====Diagnosis====
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| − | =====History & Clinical Signs=====
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| − | '''5 P's:'''
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| − | -Pain
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| − | -Paresis
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| − | -Pallor
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| − | -Pulselessness
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| − | -Polar (cold extremities)
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| − | '''Long Term Effects:'''
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| − | -Necrosis
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| − | '''Specific Problems:'''
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| − | *Signs are dependant on site of thromboembolism
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| − | -Neurological problems (acute)
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| − | -Renal Failure (acute)
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| − | -Dyspnoea (acute)
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| − | ====Laboratory Findings====
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| − | *Heavily dependent on thromboembolic site
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| − | -Hyperkalemia
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| − | -Acidosis
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| − | -Increased Lactate
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| − | -Azotemia
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| − | -Elevated serum creatine phospohokinase
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| − | ====Radiography, Echocardiography, Angiography====
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| − | -Clots may be seen by the above methods
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| − | ===Treatment===
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| − | -Treat underlying conditions
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| − | -Pain Relief (e.g. morphine)
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| − | -Support with IV fluids
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| − | -Anticoagulants:
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| − | 1. Heparin
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| − | 2. Aspirin
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| − | ===Prognosis===
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| − | -Grave
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| | ==Arteriovenous Fistula== | | ==Arteriovenous Fistula== |