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→Important Serotypes
Several alphavirus strains have been isolated during equine and human epidemics of encephalitis in the Western Hemisphere. These epidemics have most often been attributed to:
Several alphavirus strains have been isolated during equine and human epidemics of encephalitis in the Western Hemisphere. These epidemics have most often been attributed to:
*Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus (EEV)
*Western EEV
*Venezuelan EEV
Eastern EEV has North and South American antigenic variants. Western EEV is a recombinant between an Eastern EEV-like virus and a Sindbis-like virus. Western EEV also has two antigenic subtypes - WEE and [[Equine Viral Encephalitis|Highlands J viruses]]. Considerable overlap exists between the various strains in terms of their geography, and potentially also in their antigenic properties and biological behaviour. Of the 6 subtypes of Venezuelan EEV (I-VI), significant outbreaks of equine encephalitis in the Western Hemisphere over the last two decades have been caused by IAB, IC and IE. Variant ID from Central America and variant IF from Brazil are considered endemic and typically demonstrate low pathogenicity for horses. These features are also typical of subtype II (Everglades) virus in Florida and types II, IV, V ad VI viruses.
Eastern EEV has North and South American antigenic variants. Western EEV is a recombinant between an Eastern EEV-like virus and a Sindbis-like virus. Western EEV also has two antigenic subtypes - WEE and [[Equine Viral Encephalitis|Highlands J viruses]]. Considerable overlap exists between the various strains in terms of their geography, and potentially also in their antigenic properties and biological behaviour. Of the 6 subtypes of Venezuelan EEV (I-VI), significant outbreaks of equine encephalitis in the Western Hemisphere over the last two decades have been caused by IAB, IC and IE. Variant ID from Central America and variant IF from Brazil are considered endemic and typically demonstrate low pathogenicity for horses. These features are also typical of subtype II (Everglades) virus in Florida and types II, IV, V ad VI viruses.