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Equine Encephalitis Virus (view source)

Revision as of 17:35, 13 July 2010

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*Western EEV: ''Culex tarsalis''

*Venezuelan EEV: ''Culex melanconium'', ''Aedes'' spp., ''Phosphora'' spp.<ref name="multiple">Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12</ref>.

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''Culiseta melanura'' is another vector for Eastern EEV. It feeds mostly on swamp birds, completing an enzootic cycle of viral transmission. ''C.melanura'' is thus an inhabitant of freshwater swamps and is not usually found in areas densely populated by equids.<ref> Hoff, G.L, Bigler, W.J, Buff, E.E, Beck, E (1978) Occurrence and distribution of western equine encephalomyelitis in Florida, ''J Am Vet Med Assoc'', 172:351-352. In: Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12</ref> Epizootics and epidemics of Eastern EEV disease are propagated by ''Aedes'' spp. Western EEV persists in an enzootic cycle with passerine birds, transmitted by ''C.tarsalis''.<ref name="multiple">Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12</ref>. Other vectors or overwintering hosts for this serotype may include [[Dermacentor spp.|''Dermacentor andersoni'']] ticks<ref> Syverton, J.T, Berry, G.P (1937) The tick as a vector for the virus disease equine encephalomyelitis, J Bacteriol, 33:60. In: Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12</ref>, ''Triatoma sanguisuga'' (the assassin bug)<ref> Kitselman, C.H, Grundman, A.W (1940) Equine encephalomyelitis virus isolated from naturally infected ''Triatoma sanguisuga'', ''Kans Agric Exp Station Tech Bull'', 50:15. In: Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12</ref>, and the cliff swallow bug (''Oeciacus vicarius'').<ref> Hayes, R.O, Francy, D.B, Lazuick, J.S (1977) Role of the cliff swallow bug (''Oeciacus vicarius'') in the natural cycle of a Western equine encephalitis-related alphavirus, ''J Entomol'', 14:257-262. In: Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12</ref> Epidemic strains of Venezuelan EEV have infected mosquito species from several genera and this viral serotype may also be transmitted by ticks.<ref name="multiple">Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12</ref>.

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''Culiseta melanura'' is another vector for Eastern EEV. It feeds mostly on swamp birds, completing an enzootic cycle of viral transmission. ''C.melanura'' is thus an inhabitant of freshwater swamps and is not usually found in areas densely populated by equids.<ref> Hoff, G.L, Bigler, W.J, Buff, E.E, Beck, E (1978) Occurrence and distribution of western equine encephalomyelitis in Florida, ''J Am Vet Med Assoc'', 172:351-352. In: Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12</ref> Epizootics and epidemics of Eastern EEV disease are propagated by ''Aedes'' spp. Western EEV persists in an enzootic cycle with passerine birds, transmitted by ''C.tarsalis''.<ref name="multiple">Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12</ref>. Other vectors or overwintering hosts for this serotype may include [[Dermacentor spp.|''Dermacentor andersoni'']] ticks<ref> Syverton, J.T, Berry, G.P (1937) The tick as a vector for the virus disease equine encephalomyelitis, ''J Bacteriol'', 33:60. In: Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12</ref>, ''Triatoma sanguisuga'' (the assassin bug)<ref> Kitselman, C.H, Grundman, A.W (1940) Equine encephalomyelitis virus isolated from naturally infected ''Triatoma sanguisuga'', ''Kans Agric Exp Station Tech Bull'', 50:15. In: Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12</ref>, and the cliff swallow bug (''Oeciacus vicarius'').<ref> Hayes, R.O, Francy, D.B, Lazuick, J.S (1977) Role of the cliff swallow bug (''Oeciacus vicarius'') in the natural cycle of a Western equine encephalitis-related alphavirus, ''J Entomol'', 14:257-262. In: Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12</ref> Epidemic strains of Venezuelan EEV have infected mosquito species from several genera and this viral serotype may also be transmitted by ticks.<ref name="multiple">Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12</ref>.

==Virus Identification==

Nmr28

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