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===Introduction===

==Introduction==

''Cyathostomins'' are a group of '''small strongyles'''. The majority of ''cyathostomins'' are similar in terms of both morphology and behaviour.  There are over 50 different species of small equine ''strongyle'', and they are of huge significance throughout the United Kingdom.  They commonly cause severe acute diarrhoea and colic.

''Cyathostomins'' are a group of '''small strongyles'''. The majority of ''cyathostomins'' are similar in terms of both morphology and behaviour.  There are over 50 different species of small equine ''strongyle'', and they are of huge significance throughout the United Kingdom.  They commonly cause severe acute diarrhoea and colic.

====Identification====

==Identification==

They are small worms, generally less than 1.5cm long.  They also have a distinctive, small buccal capsule.  They also have two rows of leaf crowns, both internal and external.

They are small worms, generally less than 1.5cm long.  They also have a distinctive, small buccal capsule.  They also have two rows of leaf crowns, both internal and external.

The species range in colour from white to dark red.

The species range in colour from white to dark red.

==== Life-cycle ====

==Life-cycle==

L1-L3 occurs within the envelope. The L3 then exits the sheath in the small intestine, and then concentrates within the '''Lieberkuhn's gland'''. At this stage they are known as EL3, and have two potential options.  Firstly, they may either become '''hypobiotic''', remaining dormant for several months to years.  This usually occurs Autumn-Winter.

L1-L3 occurs within the envelope. The L3 then exits the sheath in the small intestine, and then concentrates within the '''Lieberkuhn's gland'''. At this stage they are known as EL3, and have two potential options.  Firstly, they may either become '''hypobiotic''', remaining dormant for several months to years.  This usually occurs Autumn-Winter.