Changes

*'''Thickened intestines''' may be detectable on abdominal palpation and this finding may be related to the primary pathological process.

*'''Thickened intestines''' may be detectable on abdominal palpation and this finding may be related to the primary pathological process.

*[[Thromboembolism|'''Thromboembolic]] disease''' due to the loss of plasma anticoagulants such as antithrombin III.

*[[Thromboembolism|'''Thromboembolic]] disease''' due to the loss of plasma anticoagulants such as antithrombin III.

*'''Hypocalcaemic tetany''' due to a reduced ability to absorb the fat soluble vitamin D.

*'''Hypocalcaemic tetany''' due to a reduced ability to absorb calcium and the fat soluble vitamin D.  Apparent hypocalcaemia may also develop as the protein-bound portion of the blood total calcium concentration is reduced.

*'''Panhypoproteinaemia''' is a pattern more suggestive of PLE since albumin is usually lost in excess of globulin in protein losing nephropathy.  Hypoproteinaemia may also develop with haemorrhage, dermal protein loss (after severe burns of degloving injury) or if the rate of synthesis of albumin is reduced by a severe hepatic insult.  Oedema and ascites typically develop when serum albumin concentration drops below 15 g/l.

*'''Panhypoproteinaemia''' is a pattern more suggestive of PLE since albumin is usually lost in excess of globulin in protein losing nephropathy.  Hypoproteinaemia may also develop with haemorrhage, dermal protein loss (after severe burns of degloving injury) or if the rate of synthesis of albumin is reduced by a severe hepatic insult.  Oedema and ascites typically develop when serum albumin concentration drops below 15 g/l.

*'''Hypocholesterolaemia''', especially in lymphangiectasia.

*'''Hypocholesterolaemia''', especially in lymphangiectasia.

*[[Hypocalcaemia - Small Animal|'''Hypocalcaemia''']]

*[[Hypocalcaemia - Small Animal|'''Hypocalcaemia''']] but ionised calcium concentration should be measured to determine the significance of this finding as serum calcium concentration is closely related to total protein level.

**Ionised calcium concentration should be measured to determine the significance of this finding as serum calcium concentration is closely related to total protein level.

====Other Tests====

====Other Tests====