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Hypoderma spp. (view source)

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There are two important ''Hypoderma ssp.'' found in cattle, namely; ''H. bovis'' and ''H. lineatum''. ''H. diana'' is also a parasite of clinical significance, affecting the deer population.

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*Also known as warble flies

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*Important cattle parasites

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**Also parasitise horses, small ruminants and sometimes humans

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*The two main species in cattle are

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**''H. bovis''

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**''H. lineatum''

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*''H. diana'' parasitises deer

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*Infestation is largely confined to the Northern Hemisphere

=='''Hypoderma bovis'''==

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==Identification==

The adult ''H. diana'' is around 15mm in length and like boht ''H. bovis'' and ''H. lineatum''.

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==Life Cycle==

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The adults have a short life-span, and do not feed. Eggs are laid on the legs and lower body of the host. Larvae crawl down the hairs, and begin migration through the skin. The larvae burrow along the spinal cord, and send the winter in the epidural fat of the spine around the thoracic and lumbar region.

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The migration is then initiated in the spring and warbles then begin to form along the back of the host.

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