− | This is the fist stage of the coccidia life cycle and occurs exogenously in the environment. Sporozoites develop within the oocyst before it becomes infective. Once the sporozoites have been formed the oocyst is infective and on ingestion by the host will release sporozoites to invade intestinal epithelium.
| + | Thick shelled oocysts are passed unsporulated in the feaces of the host, these consist of a single nucleus in a large pool of protoplasm. Sporulation occurs when conditions in the environment are suitable; high humidity, good oxygenation, and temerpatures around 27C. The nucleus will divide a number of times depending on the species of coccidia and the number of sporocysts it will form. After division of the nucleus the protoplasm will form conical bodies around each nucleus budding off from the central core. The nucleus and conical body together will then form a sproblast. The sporoblast will creates a wall for itself by secreting materials, at the same time the protoplasm forms two sporoziotes within the sporocyst wall. This process can take between 2 and 4 hours under optimal conditions but may take considerably longer if conditions are not suitable. |